从一个方向三分量（“1d-3c”）方法估计的强地震运动，在意大利罗马市的应用
Strong seismic motions estimated from a one direction-three components ("1d-3c") approach, application to the city of rome, italy
摘要：
强地震动通常会导致土层刚度的降低和能量耗散的增加。为了研究这种现象，提出了几种非线性本构模型，并普遍实施的一维土柱。然而，复杂流变学的主要困难之一是需要大量的参数来描述模型。在这个意义上，Iwan在1967年开发的多面循环塑性方法，但与Prandtl或Preisach的理论工作有关，是一个有趣的选择：唯一需要的数据是模量降低曲线。过去的研究通常只考虑一个运动分量（“1C”）的“1D”土柱中单向剪切波传播的模型。相反，这项工作的目的是研究强震放大考虑地震波传播在“一维”土柱占的影响，三维加载路径上的非线性行为的每个土层。在“1D-3C”方法中，露头运动的三个分量（3C）同时传播到水平分层土壤中，并使用三维本构关系（有限元法）。本研究中考虑的冲积场地对应于台伯河流域，靠近罗马（意大利）的历史中心。计算是考虑波形称为1997年10月14日翁布里亚-马尔凯地震，记录在露头基岩。时间历程和应力-应变滞回曲线计算所有沿土柱。对1D-1C和1D-3C方法的八面体应力、应变-深度剖面和加速度转换函数（表面/露头谱比）进行了估算，证明了三维加载路径的影响。
英文摘要：
Strong seismic motions in soils generally lead to both a stiffness reduction and an increase of the energy dissipation in the surficial layers. In order to study such phenomena, several nonlinear constitutive models were proposed and were generally implemented for 1D soil columns. However, one of the main difficulties of complex rheologies is the large number of parameters needed to describe the model. In this sense, the multi-surface cyclic plasticity approach, developed by Iwan in 1967 but linked to Prandtl or Preisach theoretical work, is an interesting choice: the only data needed is the modulus reduction curve. Past studies have generally implemented such models for one-directional shear wave propagation in a "1D" soil column considering one motion component only ("1C"). Conversely, this work aims at studying strong motion amplification by considering seismic wave propagation in a "1D" soil column accounting for the influence of the 3D loading path on the nonlinear behavior of each soil layer. In the "1D-3C" approach, the three components (3C) of the outcrop motion are simultaneously propagated into a horizontally layered soil for which a three-dimensional constitutive relation is used (Finite Element Method). The alluvial site considered in this study corresponds to the Tiber River Valley, close to the historical centre of Rome (Italy). The computations are performed considering the waveforms referred as the 14th October 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake, recorded on outcropping bedrock. Time histories and stress-strain hysteretic loops are computed all along the soil column. The octahedral stress, the strain-depth profiles and the transfer functions in acceleration (surface/outcrop spectral ratios) are estimated for the 1D-1C and the 1D-3C approaches, evidencing the influence of the three-dimensional loading path.
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