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arXiv 1402.2289astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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星系几何和质量演化对星团生存的影响

The impact of galaxy geometry and mass evolution on the survival of star clusters

Juan P. Madrid, Jarrod R. Hurley, Marie Martig

摘要:

利用NBODY 6程序对真实的类银河系势场中的球状星团进行了直接N体模拟,以确定宿主星系盘的质量和几何形状对星团生存的影响。导出了星盘质量与星团解体时间尺度之间的关系。这些N体模型表明,当盘的质量从5 × 10^10太阳质量增加到10 × 10^10太阳质量时,在距星系中心6千秒差距处围绕主星系运行的卫星星团的溶解时间减半。相同质量的圆盘中的不同几何形状可以决定在银河系中心内6 kpc轨道内运行的星团的生存或解散。此外,盘的几何形状对星团的质量损失有可测量的影响,从银河系中心到15千秒差距。用精细输出时间步长进行的N体模拟表明,在每个穿过星团外层的圆盘处,速度色散增加了星团外段平均速度色散的~5%。这导致了质量损失的增强--一种明显可辨别的圆盘冲击效应。通过运行具有不同倾角的模型,我们确定具有垂直于银河平面的轨道的星团比在银河平面或倾斜轨道中演化的星团具有更大的质量损失率。

英文摘要:

Direct N-body simulations of globular clusters in a realistic Milky Way-like potential are carried out using the code NBODY6 to determine the impact of the host galaxy disk mass and geometry on the survival of star clusters. A relationship between disk mass and star cluster dissolution timescale is derived. These N-body models show that doubling the mass of the disk from 5x10^10 solar masses to 10x10^10 solar masses halves the dissolution time of a satellite star cluster orbiting the host galaxy at 6 kpc from the galactic center. Different geometries in a disk of identical mass can determine either the survival or dissolution of a star cluster orbiting within the inner 6 kpc of the galactic center. Furthermore, disk geometry has measurable effects on the mass loss of star clusters up to 15 kpc from the galactic center. N-body simulations performed with a fine output time step show that at each disk crossing the outer layers of star clusters experience an increase in velocity dispersion of ~5% of the average velocity dispersion in the outer section of star clusters. This leads to an enhancement of mass-loss -- a clearly discernable effect of disk shocking. By running models with different inclinations we determine that star clusters with an orbit perpendicular to the Galactic plane have larger mass loss rates than both clusters evolving in the Galactic plane or in an inclined orbit.

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