SN 2009 ip从光度学和光谱学演化到晚期的本质线索
Clues To The Nature of SN 2009ip from Photometric and Spectroscopic Evolution to Late Times
摘要：
我们目前的时间序列测光和光谱数据的瞬态SN 2009 ip从2012年9月开始爆发，直到2013年11月。这些数据主要是通过Las Cumbres天文台全球望远镜网络的新机器人能力收集的，这是一个专门的时域天体物理学设施，包括来自南方天体物理研究望远镜，基特峰国家天文台和双子座天文台的支持高分辨率光谱。根据我们每晚的光度监测，我们解释的强度和时间的光变曲线波动之间的相互作用快速移动的喷出物和一个不均匀的CSM产生的过去爆发的这个大规模的发光的蓝色变星（LBV）。我们在2012年的光谱时间序列显示，随着CSM相互作用的连续和窄H-alpha通量的下降，H-alpha的宽分量持续存在，具有类似SN的速度，这在LBV或SN Impostor事件中通常看不到。在后期，我们发现SN 2009 ip继续缓慢下降，每天<0.01等，斜率的波动很小，类似于IIn型超新星（SNe IIn）或SN冒名顶替者，但没有进一步的LBV样活动。晚期光谱的特征是宽钙线，类似于晚期SNe和SN Impostor。总的来说，我们发现SN 2009 ip的光度和光谱演化与SNe IIn比LBV恒星或SN冒名顶替者的持续爆发更相似。在这种情况下，我们讨论了在大质量恒星演化的后期阶段的情节性质量损失的影响。
英文摘要：
We present time series photometric and spectroscopic data for the transient SN 2009ip from the start of its outburst in September 2012 until November 2013. This data was collected primarily with the new robotic capabilities of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, a specialized facility for time domain astrophysics, and includes supporting high-resolution spectroscopy from the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, Kitt Peak National Observatory, and Gemini Observatory. Based on our nightly photometric monitoring, we interpret the strength and timing of fluctuations in the light curve as interactions between fast-moving ejecta and an inhomogeneous CSM produced by past eruptions of this massive luminous blue variable (LBV) star. Our time series of spectroscopy in 2012 reveals that, as the continuum and narrow H-alpha flux from CSM interactions declines, the broad component of H-alpha persists with SN-like velocities that are not typically seen in LBVs or SN Impostor events. At late times we find that SN 2009ip continues to decline slowly, at <0.01 magnitudes per day, with small fluctuations in slope similar to Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) or SN impostors, but no further LBV-like activity. The late time spectrum features broad calcium lines similar to both late time SNe and SN Impostors. In general, we find that the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2009ip is more similar to SNe IIn than either continued eruptions of an LBV star or SN Impostors. In this context, we discuss the implications for episodic mass loss during the late stages of massive star evolution.
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