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arXiv 1401.6547astro-ph.SR
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银河系造父变星脉动周期变化的理论速率

Theoretical rates of pulsation period change in the Galactic Cepheids

Yuri A. Fadeyev

摘要:

通过一致的恒星演化和非线性恒星脉动计算,得到了初始质量为5.5 M_ \odot <= Mzams <= 13 M_ \odot,化学成分X=0.7,Z=0.02,周期为1.5天<= P <= 100天的造父变星径向脉动周期变化率的理论估计。根据HR图中的演化轨迹,研究了三个不稳定带交叉点的脉动不稳定性。第一次穿越发生在主序后氦核引力收缩阶段,该阶段在Kelvin-Helmholtz时间尺度内进行,而第二次和第三次穿越发生在热核芯氦燃烧的演化阶段。在不稳定带的每一个交叉的径向脉动的周期是一个恒星演化时间的二次函数。脉动周期变化的理论速率与观测值一致,但观测估计的dP/dt的离散度明显超过了谱带的宽度(δ \log| DP/DT| <= 0.6)在周期-周期变化率图中封闭演化轨迹。造父变星中dP/dt值非常高的大散射的原因之一可能是第一次穿过不稳定带的恒星。它们的比例从Mzams= 5.5 M_ \odot的2%到Mzams= 13 M_ \odot的9%不等。变星αUMi和IX Cas似乎属于这样的天体。

英文摘要:

Theoretical estimates of the rates of radial pulsation period change in Galactic Cepheids with initial masses 5.5M_\odot <= Mzams <= 13M_\odot, chemical composition X=0.7, Z=0.02 and periods 1.5 day <= P <= 100 day are obtained from consistent stellar evolution and nonlinear stellar pulsation computations. Pulsational instability was investigated for three crossings of the instability strip by the evolutionary track in the HR diagram. The first crossing occurs at the post-main sequence helium core gravitational contraction stage which proceeds in the Kelvin--Helmholtz timescale whereas the second and the third crossings take place at the evolutionary stage of thermonuclear core helium burning. During each crossing of the instability strip the period of radial pulsations is a quadratic function of the stellar evolution time. Theoretical rates of the pulsation period change agree with observations but the scatter of observational estimates of dP/dt noticeably exceeds the width of the band (δ\log |dP/dt| <= 0.6) confining evolutionary tracks in the period - period change rate diagram. One of the causes of the large scatter with very high values of dP/dt in Cepheids with increasing periods might be the stars that cross the instability strip for the first time. Their fraction ranges from 2% for Mzams=5.5M_\odot to 9% for Mzams=13M_\odot. Variable stars αUMi and IX Cas seem to belong to such objects.

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