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arXiv 1401.6180astro-ph.CO
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初始条件对宇宙学$N$体模拟的影响

Effects of the initial conditions on cosmological $N$-body simulations

Benjamin L'Huillier, Changbom Park, Juhan Kim

摘要:

由于目前的大型观测调查,宇宙学正在进入一个精确度达到百分之一的时代。这种观测精度现在要求数值方法和宇宙学模拟更精确。在本文中,我们研究的准确性$N$体数值模拟和它们的依赖于初始条件和模拟算法的变化。为此,我们使用了一系列的宇宙学$N$体模拟与不同的初始条件。我们测试的初始条件,即预初始配置(preIC),拉格朗日微扰理论(LPT)的阶数,和初始红移的影响,统计与宇宙的大尺度结构,如晕质量函数,密度功率谱,和最大程度的大尺度结构。我们发现,玻璃或网格预初始条件给出类似的结果在$z\lesssim 2$。然而,在玻璃初始条件下的初始过剩的功率产生的功率谱和质量函数在高红移的微妙的差异。用于生成模拟的IC的LPT顺序被发现起着至关重要的作用。一阶LPT(1LPT)模拟相对于二阶(2LPT)模拟低估了大质量晕的数量,对于初始红移为23的$10^{14} h^{-1} M_\odot$,通常低估2%,而对于$z_\mathrm{ini} = 23$,在奈奎斯特频率附近低估6%的小尺度功率。此外,在较高的红移,质量函数的高质量端在1LPT模拟中被显著低估。另一方面,当LPT阶数固定时,起始红移对晕质量函数的低质量端有系统的影响。

英文摘要:

Cosmology is entering an era of percent level precision due to current large observational surveys. This precision in observation is now demanding more accuracy from numerical methods and cosmological simulations. In this paper, we study the accuracy of $N$-body numerical simulations and their dependence on changes in the initial conditions and in the simulation algorithms. For this purpose, we use a series of cosmological $N$-body simulations with varying initial conditions. We test the influence of the initial conditions, namely the pre-initial configuration (preIC), the order of the Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT), and the initial redshift, on the statistics associated with the large scale structures of the universe such as the halo mass function, the density power spectrum, and the maximal extent of the large scale structures. We find that glass or grid pre-initial conditions give similar results at $z\lesssim 2$. However, the initial excess of power in the glass initial conditions yields a subtle difference in the power spectra and the mass function at high redshifts. The LPT order used to generate the ICs of the simulations is found to play a crucial role. First-order LPT (1LPT) simulations underestimate the number of massive haloes with respect to second-order (2LPT) ones, typically by 2% at $10^{14} h^{-1} M_\odot$ for an initial redshift of 23, and the small-scale power with an underestimation of 6% near the Nyquist frequency for $z_\mathrm{ini} = 23$. Moreover, at higher redshifts, the high-mass end of the mass function is significantly underestimated in 1LPT simulations. On the other hand, when the LPT order is fixed, the starting redshift has a systematic impact on the low-mass end of the halo mass function.

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