酒精产品中乙醇和挥发性化合物的正确定量测定
Correct quantitative determination of ethanol and volatile compounds in alcohol products
摘要：
在实践中，酒精产品中乙醇体积含量的测定通常通过比重计、电子密度计或根据委员会法规No 2870/2000使用流体静力天平的密度计来测定。然而，这些方法仅直接测定被测液体样品的密度，而不考虑其他挥发性组分如醛、酯和高级醇的影响。因此，根据国际法定计量组织在其第22号建议中采用的国际表，它们仅适用于二元水-乙醇溶液。在不同的醇基产品中，高级醇和醚的可用性显著浓度，例如。G.在威士忌、干邑白兰地、白兰地、葡萄酒以及废酒精和酒精饮料生产中，导致这些化合物对测试的含酒精样品的密度值有显著贡献。因此，对此类酒精产品的乙醇含量体积的测定给出了强度值，该强度值可能与真实值有显著差异。使用不正确计算的乙醇体积含量会导致测定含酒精产品中挥发性化合物的量（以毫克/升无水酒精表示）的结果不正确。提出了用气相色谱法准确测定酒精及酒精饮料工业废产品中乙醇及其它挥发性化合物含量的方法。计算基于样品密度和挥发性化合物浓度的测量值，以mg/L无水乙醇表示[JAFC 61（2013）2950]。该方法可以很容易地纳入分析和控制实验室的日常实践中，无需额外的材料，财务或时间成本。
英文摘要：
Determination of the volume content of ethanol in the alcohol products in practice is usually determined by pycnometry, electronic densimetry, or densimetry using a hydrostatic balance in accordance with Commission Regulation No 2870/2000. However, these methods determine directly only density of the tested liquid sample and does not take into account the effects of other volatile components such as aldehydes, esters and higher alcohols. So they are appropriate only for binary water-ethanol solutions in accordance with international table adopted by the International Legal Metrology Organization in its Recommendation No 22. Availability notable concentrations of the higher alcohols and ethers in different alcohol-based products, e. g. in whisky, cognac, brandy, wine as well as in waste alcohol and alcohol beverage production, leads to the significant contribution of these compounds in the value of the density of tested alcohol-containing sample. As a result, determination of the volume of ethanol content for such alcohol products in gives the value of the strength, which may significantly differ from the true one. Using incorrectly calculated volume content of ethyl alcohol leads to incorrect results determining the quantities of volatile compounds in the alcohol-containing products, expressed in milligrams per liter of absolute alcohol. We propose experimental results of the method of correct determination of ethanol and other volatile compounds content in waste products of alcohol and alcoholic beverage industry by gas chromatography. Calculations are based on the measured value of sample density and volatile compound concentrations expressed in mg per liter of absolute alcohol [JAFC 61(2013)2950]. The method can be easily incorporated into daily practice of analytical and control laboratories with no additional material, financial or time costs.
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