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arXiv 1401.4102astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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从约化退极化得到的磁螺旋度的法拉第特征

Faraday signature of magnetic helicity from reduced depolarization

Axel Brandenburg, Rodion Stepanov

摘要:

使用一维模型,我们表明,一个螺旋磁场与适当的符号的螺旋可以补偿法拉第去极化产生的法拉第旋转的偏振平面从空间扩展源的叠加。对于螺旋磁场的无线电发射,作为波长平方的函数的偏振相对于零变得不对称。从数学上讲,所产生的发射要么发生在可观测的波长,要么发生在不可观测的波长(假想的)。我们证明,旋转措施(RM)的合成允许重建的基础法拉第色散函数在前一种情况下,但不是在后者。正磁螺旋度的存在可以通过观测天空中高极化区域的正RM和弱极化区域的负RM来检测。相反,负磁螺旋度可以通过在高极化区域观察负RM和在弱极化区域观察正RM来检测。同时存在的两个磁性成分具有相反的符号的螺旋度被证明拥有签名,可以通过在特定的波长和法拉第色散函数的相位梯度的偏振峰进行量化。类似的极化峰也可以暂时确定的双螺旋磁场,产生自洽的发电机从螺旋强制湍流,即使磁能谱是连续的。最后,我们讨论了利用平方公里阵列探测外星系螺旋和非螺旋磁场的可能性。

英文摘要:

Using one-dimensional models, we show that a helical magnetic field with an appropriate sign of helicity can compensate the Faraday depolarization resulting from the superposition of Faraday-rotated polarization planes from a spatially extended source. For radio emission from a helical magnetic field, the polarization as a function of the square of the wavelength becomes asymmetric with respect to zero. Mathematically speaking, the resulting emission occurs then either at observable or at unobservable (imaginary) wavelengths. We demonstrate that rotation measure (RM) synthesis allows for the reconstruction of the underlying Faraday dispersion function in the former case, but not in the latter. The presence of positive magnetic helicity can thus be detected by observing positive RM in highly polarized regions in the sky and negative RM in weakly polarized regions. Conversely, negative magnetic helicity can be detected by observing negative RM in highly polarized regions and positive RM in weakly polarized regions. The simultaneous presence of two magnetic constituents with opposite signs of helicity is shown to possess signatures that can be quantified through polarization peaks at specific wavelengths and the gradient of the phase of the Faraday dispersion function. Similar polarization peaks can tentatively also be identified for the bi-helical magnetic fields that are generated self-consistently by a dynamo from helically forced turbulence, even though the magnetic energy spectrum is then continuous. Finally, we discuss the possibility of detecting magnetic fields with helical and non-helical properties in external galaxies using the Square Kilometre Array.

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