星系团中的熵平坦、气体聚块和Turbulence
Entropy Flattening, Gas Clumping and Turbulence in Galaxy Clusters
摘要：
一些物理过程和形成事件，预计在集群的外围，一个广大的地区，到目前为止，基本上没有覆盖的观测。最近的朱雀（X射线）和普朗克（Sunayev-Zeldovich效应）观测到的维里半径在这些外围区域突出了一个相当急剧下降的团内气体温度，与理论预期的幂律增加相反的熵平坦化，甚至在一些松弛的星系团中流体静力平衡的破坏，从几个CMB实验测量的宇宙值以上的导出气体质量分数，总X射线质量低于弱透镜质量测定值。在这里，我们提出了四个集群（A1795，A2029，A2204和A133）的超级模型，其中包括一个非热的压力分量，由于湍流，以维持流体静力平衡，也在集群的郊区的分析。通过这种方式，我们获得了总X射线质量和气体质量分数的正确测定;这反过来又允许确定气体聚集的水平，这可能会影响朱雀观测报告的熵分布的形状。我们的结论是，气体聚集的作用是非常边际和观察到的熵平坦化是由于在集群外围的非引力效应所造成的温度的快速递减。此外，我们表明，从ROSAT和普朗克数据的X射线/SZ联合分析，在最近的一些调查中进行的，是不足以区分幂律增加和平坦的熵。
英文摘要：
Several physical processes and formation events are expected in cluster outskirts, a vast region up to now essentially not covered by observations. The recent Suzaku (X-ray) and Planck (Sunayev-Zeldovich effect) observations out to the virial radius have highlighted in these peripheral regions a rather sharp decline of the intracluster gas temperature, an entropy flattening in contrast with the theoretically expected power law increase, the break of the hydrostatic equilibrium even in some relaxed clusters, a derived gas mass fraction above the cosmic value measured from several CMB experiments, and a total X-ray mass lower than the weak lensing mass determinations. Here we present the analysis of four clusters (A1795, A2029, A2204 and A133) with the SuperModel that includes a nonthermal pressure component due to turbulence to sustain the hydrostatic equilibrium also in the cluster outskirts. In such way we obtain a correct determination of the total X-ray mass and of the gas mass fraction; this in turn allows to determine the level of the gas clumping that can affect the shape of the entropy profiles reported by the Suzaku observations. Our conclusion is that the role of the gas clumping is very marginal and that the observed entropy flattening is due to the rapid decrement of the temperature in the cluster outskirts caused by non gravitational effects. Moreover, we show that the X-ray/SZ joint analysis from ROSAT and Planck data, as performed in some recent investigations, is inadequate to discriminate between a power law increase and a flattening of the entropy.
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