与离散拉普拉斯算子相关的调和分析
Harmonic Analysis associated with a discrete Laplacian
AI总结:
本文利用离散热半群与 Bessel 函数表示,研究离散拉普拉斯算子相关的调和分析,得到分数阶最大值原理、共轭调和函数加权有界性,并揭示 Riesz 变换与离散 Hilbert 变换的本质一致。
摘要:
众所周知,方程 $$ u_t(n,t)= u(n+1,t)-2u(n,t)+u(n-1,t), \quad n\in\mathbb{Z}, $$ 在初值条件 $u(n,0) =\delta_{nm}$(对每个固定的 $m \in\mathbb{Z}$)下的基本解为 $u(n,t) = e^{-2t}I_{n-m}(2t)$,其中 $I_k(t)$ 是虚宗量 Bessel 函数。换言之,离散拉普拉斯算子的热半群由形式级数 $$ W_tf(n) = \sum_{m\in\mathbb{Z}} e^{-2t} I_{n-m}(2t) f(m) $$ 描述。利用半群理论,该公式使我们能够分析与离散拉普拉斯算子相关的一些算子。特别地,我们得到了离散分数阶拉普拉斯算子的最大值原理、共轭调和函数的加权 $\ell^p(\mathbb{Z})$-有界性、Riesz 变换以及 Littlewood-Paley 平方函数。有趣的是,结果表明这些 Riesz 变换本质上与 D. Hilbert 在二十世纪初定义的所谓离散 Hilbert 变换一致。我们还看到这些 Riesz 变换是共轭调和函数的极限。这些结果依赖于对 Bessel 函数若干性质的细致运用。
英文摘要:
It is well-known that the fundamental solution of $$ u_t(n,t)= u(n+1,t)-2u(n,t)+u(n-1,t), \quad n\in\mathbb{Z}, $$ with $u(n,0) =δ_{nm}$ for every fixed $m \in\mathbb{Z}$, is given by $u(n,t) = e^{-2t}I_{n-m}(2t)$, where $I_k(t)$ is the Bessel function of imaginary argument. In other words, the heat semigroup of the discrete Laplacian is described by the formal series $$ W_tf(n) = \sum_{m\in\mathbb{Z}} e^{-2t} I_{n-m}(2t) f(m). $$ By using semigroup theory, this formula allows us to analyze some operators associated with the discrete Laplacian. In particular, we obtain the maximum principle for the discrete fractional Laplacian, weighted $\ell^p(\mathbb{Z})$-boundedness of conjugate harmonic functions, Riesz transforms and square functions of Littlewood-Paley. Interestingly, it is shown that the Riesz transforms coincide essentially with the so called discrete Hilbert transform defined by D. Hilbert at the beginning of the XX century. We also see that these Riesz transforms are limits of the conjugate harmonic functions. The results rely on a careful use of several properties of Bessel functions.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。