滞后，锁定，同步，滑动：耦合鞭毛的许多“阶段”
Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many "phases" of coupled flagella
摘要：
在许多生命过程中，纤毛和鞭毛都是不可或缺的。近年来，双鞭毛绿藻披衣藻已成为研究纤毛协调和同步化的模式生物。在这里，我们使用高速成像的单移液管举行的细胞，以量化丰富的动态表现出他们的鞭毛。在这种行为的变异性的基础上，是两个鞭毛之间的生物学差异-称为顺式和反式，相对于一个独特的眼点。重点野生型，我们使用数字跟踪与子拍周期分辨率获得极限环和阶段的自我维持鞭毛振荡。表征的相位同步的耦合对，我们发现，在规范的游泳蛙泳的顺鞭毛是一致的相位滞后相对，同时保持稳健的相位锁定，反鞭毛。同步的瞬时丧失或相位滑移可以被随机触发，其中跨鞭毛过渡到具有衰减的搏动包络和增加的频率的第二搏动模式。此外，利用这种鞭毛再生的能力，我们机械地诱导去除同一细胞的一个或另一个鞭毛，以揭示孤立的顺式与反式鞭毛的跳动之间的显著差异。这进一步提出了关于衣原体同步机制的问题。
英文摘要：
In a multitude of life's processes, cilia and flagella are found indispensable. Recently, the biflagellated chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas has become a model organism for the study of ciliary coordination and synchronization. Here, we use high-speed imaging of single pipette-held cells to quantify the rich dynamics exhibited by their flagella. Underlying this variability in behaviour, are biological dissimilarities between the two flagella - termed cis and trans, with respect to a unique eyespot. With emphasis on the wildtype, we use digital tracking with sub-beat-cycle resolution to obtain limit cycles and phases for self-sustained flagellar oscillations. Characterizing the phase-synchrony of a coupled pair, we find that during the canonical swimming breaststroke the cis flagellum is consistently phase-lagged relative to, whilst remaining robustly phase-locked with, the trans flagellum. Transient loss of synchrony, or phase-slippage, may be triggered stochastically, in which the trans flagellum transitions to a second mode of beating with attenuated beat-envelope and increased frequency. Further, exploiting this alga's ability for flagellar regeneration, we mechanically induced removal of one or the other flagellum of the same cell to reveal a striking disparity between the beating of the cis vs trans flagellum, in isolation. This raises further questions regarding the synchronization mechanism of Chlamydomonas.
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