细胞内偶联调节双鞭毛的同步性
Intracellular coupling modulates biflagellar synchrony
摘要：
搏动鞭毛呈现多种同步模式。这种同步性长期以来被归因于鞭毛之间的流体动力学耦合。然而，最近的工作与鞭毛藻类表明，内部的细胞，通过收缩纤维连接鞭毛基体的机制，必须发挥积极调节鞭毛同步。究竟如何基础耦合介导鞭毛协调仍不清楚。在这里，我们研究的基础耦合的同步模型双鞭毛\textit{Chlamydomonas reinhardtii}使用一系列的数学模型的复杂性降低水平的作用。我们报告说，基础耦合是足以实现同相，反相，和双同步，即使在没有水动力耦合和鞭毛的遵守。这些模式可以通过调节单个鞭毛的活性水平或基底偶联的强度来实现。我们观察到一个滑动模式时，允许差异鞭毛活动，就像在活细胞的实验。我们引入了一个无量纲的比例鞭毛活动的基础耦合是预测的同步模式。这个比率使我们能够查询尚未通过实验直接测量的生物参数。我们的工作为细胞主动控制鞭毛同步化提供了具体途径。
英文摘要：
Beating flagella exhibit a variety of synchronization modes. This synchrony has long been attributed to hydrodynamic coupling between the flagella. However, recent work with flagellated algae indicates that a mechanism internal to the cell, through the contractile fibres connecting the flagella basal bodies, must be at play to actively modulate flagellar synchrony. Exactly how basal coupling mediates flagellar coordination remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of basal coupling in the synchronization of the model biflagellate \textit{Chlamydomonas reinhardtii} using a series of mathematical models of decreasing level of complexity. We report that basal coupling is sufficient to achieve inphase, antiphase, and bistable synchrony, even in the absence of hydrodynamic coupling and flagellar compliance. These modes can be reached by modulating the activity level of the individual flagella or the strength of the basal coupling. We observe a slip mode when allowing for differential flagellar activity, just as in experiments with live cells. We introduce a dimensionless ratio of flagellar activity to basal coupling that is predictive of the mode of synchrony. This ratio allows us to query biological parameters which are not yet directly measurable experimentally. Our work shows a concrete route for cells to actively control the synchronization of their flagella.
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