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arXiv 1312.0937astro-ph.GA
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ATLASGAL巡天:银河平面尘埃凝聚目录

The ATLASGAL survey: a catalog of dust condensations in the Galactic plane

T. Csengeri, J. S. Urquhart, F. Schuller, F. Motte, S. Bontemps, F. Wyrowski, K. M. Menten, L. Bronfman, H. Beuther, Th. Henning, L. Testi, A. Zavagno, M. Walmsley

摘要:

与低质量恒星相比,高质量恒星的形成过程和演化阶段知之甚少。需要进行大规模的调查,以提供一个公正的普查高柱密度的网站,可以潜在的主机前体大质量的恒星。在这里,我们使用ATLASGAL调查覆盖420平方米。在870 $μ$ m的银河平面的角度;并使用MRE-GLC方法来确定整个银河系内部的嵌入源的人口。我们确定在总10861紧凑的亚毫米波源通量超过5西格玛。完整性测试表明,我们的产品目录在5 sigma以上的完整性为97%,在7 $σ$以上的完整性为99%。我们将此样本与中红外点源目录(MSX在21.3 $μ$ m和WISE在22 $μ$ m)相关联,并确定与嵌入式原恒星物体相关的下限为33%。我们注意到,与中红外源相关的团块的比例随着通量密度的增加而增加,达到了一个相当恒定的比例~75%的所有团块的通量超过5焦耳/光束与恒星形成相关。检查源计数作为银河经度的函数,我们能够识别银河系中最突出的恒星形成区域。从可能的大规模静止团块的比例(~25%),我们估计形成的时间尺度为~7.5+/-2.5 $\times$ 10 $^4$年的深埋阶段之前出现的发光YSO。如此短的时间形成大质量恒星的大质量块清楚地证明,最早的阶段必须是动态的超音速运动。

英文摘要:

The formation processes and the evolutionary stages of high-mass stars are poorly understood compared to low-mass stars. Large-scale surveys are needed to provide an unbiased census of high column density sites which can potentially host precursors to high-mass stars. Here we use the ATLASGAL survey covering 420 sq. degree of the Galactic plane at 870 $μ$m; and use the MRE-GLC method to identify the population of embedded sources throughout the inner Galaxy. We identify in total 10861 compact sub-millimeter sources with fluxes above 5 sigma. Completeness tests show that our catalogue is 97% complete above 5 sigma and >99% complete above 7$σ$. We correlate this sample with mid-infrared point source catalogues (MSX at 21.3 $μ$m and WISE at 22 $μ$m) and determine a lower limit of ~33% that are associated with embedded protostellar objects. We note that the proportion of clumps associated with mid-infrared sources increases with increasing flux density, achieving a rather constant fraction of ~75% of all clumps with fluxes over 5 Jy/beam being associated with star-formation. Examining the source counts as a function of Galactic longitude we are able to identify the most prominent star forming regions in the Galaxy. From the fraction of the likely massive quiescent clumps (~25%) we estimate a formation time-scale of ~7.5+/-2.5 $\times$ 10$^4$yr for the deeply embedded phase before the emergence of luminous YSOs. Such a short duration for the formation of high-mass stars in massive clumps clearly proves that the earliest phases have to be dynamic with supersonic motions.

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