关于Q球的量子稳定性
On the quantum stability of Q-balls
摘要：
我们考虑了量子涨落影响下Q球的演化和衰变。我们认为，最重要的影响，从这些波动是修改的有效潜力，其中Q球的演变。这是除了自发衰变成基本粒子激发和裂变成较小的Q-球以前在文献中考虑，其中-像大多数隧道过程-很可能被强烈抑制。我们说明了一个特定的模型$ϕ^6$潜力的量子涨落的影响，我们实现了量子动力学的非齐次Hartree近似，并解决了在3 + 1维的Q球的演化。我们发现，作为（场空间）角速度$ω$的函数的稳定范围被修改显着相比，经典的情况下，小-$ω$ Q-球是不稳定的，比在经典的限制，和大-$ω$ Q-球更稳定。这可以用一种简单的方式定性地理解。
英文摘要：
We consider the evolution and decay of Q-balls under the influence of quantum fluctuations. We argue that the most important effect resulting from these fluctuations is the modification of the effective potential in which the Q-ball evolves. This is in addition to spontaneous decay into elementary particle excitations and fission into smaller Q-balls previously considered in the literature, which -- like most tunnelling processes -- are likely to be strongly suppressed. We illustrate the effect of quantum fluctuations in a particular model $ϕ^6$ potential, for which we implement the inhomogeneous Hartree approximation to quantum dynamics and solve for the evolution of Q-balls in 3+1 dimensions. We find that the stability range as a function of (field space) angular velocity $ω$ is modified significantly compared to the classical case, so that small-$ω$ Q-balls are less stable than in the classical limit, and large-$ω$ Q-balls are more stable. This can be understood qualitatively in a simple way.
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