弯曲胶体晶体中间隙的分形
Fractionalization of Interstitials in Curved Colloidal Crystals
摘要：
了解晶体中点缺陷的失平衡行为，有助于深入了解有序状态的本质和脆弱性，并具有重要的实际意义。在一些罕见的情况下，缺陷会自发愈合-例如，由一排相同的带电粒子形成的一维晶体可以通过重新调整所有粒子位置来平衡间距来容纳间隙（额外粒子）。与此形成鲜明对比的是，在平面中组织成完美六方晶体的颗粒不能通过简单地重新调整颗粒间距来容纳间隙-间隙仍然被困在晶格位置之间并通过跳跃扩散，使晶体永久缺陷。在这里，我们报告的行为胶体晶体在曲面。使用独立操作的三维成像的光镊，我们插入一个胶体间隙在一个类似的颗粒在平面和弯曲（积极和消极）的油-甘油界面的晶格和图像随后的动态。我们发现，不像在平坦的空间，弯曲的晶体自我愈合，通过集体重排，重新分配与间隙相关的密度增加。自修复过程可以解释为拓扑缺陷彼此之间以及与底层曲率之间的不平衡相互作用。我们的观察表明，曲面晶体上存在“粒子分馏”。
英文摘要：
Understanding the out-of equilibrium behaviour of point defects in crystals, yields insights into the nature and fragility of the ordered state, as well as being of great practical importance. In some rare cases defects are spontaneously healed - a one-dimensional crystal formed by a line of identical charged particles, for example, can accommodate an interstitial (extra particle) by a re-adjusting all particle positions to even out the spacing. In sharp contrast, particles organized into a perfect hexagonal crystal in the plane cannot accommodate an interstitial by a simple re-adjustment of the particle spacing - the interstitial remains instead trapped between lattice sites and diffuses by hopping, leaving the crystal permanently defected. Here we report on the behavior of interstitials in colloidal crystals on curved surfaces. Using optical tweezers operated independently of three dimensional imaging, we insert a colloidal interstitial in a lattice of similar particles on flat and curved (positively and negatively) oil-glycerol interfaces and image the ensuing dynamics. We find that, unlike in flat space, the curved crystals self-heal through a collective rearrangement that re-distributes the increased density associated with the interstitial. The self-healing process can be interpreted in terms of an out of equilibrium interaction of topological defects with each other and with the underlying curvature. Our observations suggest the existence of "particle fractionalization" on curved surface crystals.
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