18 pages, 5 figures, submitted to J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. (Focus issue "Nucleosynthesis and the role of neutrinos", ed. Baha Balantekin and Cristina Volpe)
Observations of metal-poor stars indicate that at least two different nucleosynthesis sites contribute to the production of r-process elements. One site is responsible for the production of light r-process elements Z<~50 while the other produces the heavy r-process elements. We have analyzed recent observations of metal-poor stars selecting only stars that are enriched in light r-process elements and poor in heavy r-process elements. We find a strong correlation between the observed abundances of the N=50 elements (Sr, Y and Zr) and Fe. It suggest that neutrino-driven winds from core-collapse supernova are the main site for the production of these elements. We explore this possibility by performing nucleosynthesis calculations based on long term Boltzmann neutrino transport simulations. They are based on an Equation of State that reproduces recent constrains on the nuclear symmetry energy. We predict that the early ejecta is neutron-rich with Ye ~ 0.48, it becomes proton rich around 4 s and reaches Ye = 0.586 at 9 s when our simulation stops. The nucleosynthesis in this model produces elements between Zn and Mo, including 92Mo. The elemental abundances are consistent with the observations of the metal-poor star HD 12263. For the elements between Ge and Mo, we produce mainly the neutron-deficient isotopes. This prediction can be confirmed by observations of isotopic abundances in metal-poor stars. No elements heavier than Mo (Z=42) and no heavy r-process elements are produced in our calculations.
International Centre of Supernovae (ICESUN), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Supernova Research, Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)(中国科学院云南天文台);Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science(基础科学研究院)
Explosive nucleosynthesis of ultra-stripped Type Ic supernovae: application to light trans-iron elements
研究了由1.45和1.5 M $_\odot$ CO星演化的超剥离Ic型超新星在中微子驱动的二维爆炸过程中的爆炸核合成。这些超新星以$\sim 10^{50}$ erg的爆炸能量爆炸并释放出$\sim 0.1$ M $_\odot$喷出物。轻的反式铁元素Ga-Zr在中微子辐照的喷出物中产生。这些元素的丰度分布有很大的不确定性,因为中微子照射的喷出物的电子分数的不确定性。元素的产率将小于0.01 M $_\odot$。由轻CO核演化而来的超剥离超新星和核塌缩超新星可能是轻反式铁元素的主要来源。它们也能产生富中子核$^{48}$ Ca。超剥离超新星喷出$^{56}$ Ni,$\sim$为0.006 - 0.01 M $_\odot$。如果大部分中微子辐照的喷出物是富质子的,则会产生更多的$^{56}$ Ni。这些超新星的光变曲线表明它们是一种亚发光的快速衰变爆炸,峰值量级约为$-15$ - $-16$。未来对超剥离超新星的观测可能会对一类中子星合并的事件率产生限制。
Nucleosynthesis of an $11.8\,M_\odot$ Supernova with 3D Simulation of the Inner Ejecta: Overall Yields and Implications for Short-Lived Radionuclides in the Early Solar System
PUSHing core-collapse supernovae to explosions in spherical symmetry V: Equation of state dependency of explosion properties, nucleosynthesis yields, and compact remnants
在本系列的第五篇论文中,我们使用参数化的球对称爆炸方法PUSH来研究八种不同的核状态方程(EOS)的影响。我们提出并讨论了爆炸性质和详细的核合成产额,并预测了所有模拟的残余物(中子星或黑洞)。为此,我们进行了两组模拟。第一,使用SFHo状态方程对11至40 M $_{\odot}$的非旋转恒星在三种不同金属丰度下进行了完整的研究。第二,一套模拟的四个祖先(16 M $_{\odot}$在三个金属丰度和25 M $_{\odot}$在太阳金属丰度)为八个不同的核EOS。我们比较我们预测的爆炸能量和产量观察到的超新星和贫金属恒星HD~84937。我们发现爆炸性质和核合成产率的EOS依赖的差异。然而,与观察结果相比,这些差异还不足以排除本工作中考虑的任何EOS。
PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry III: Nucleosynthesis Yields
在先前提出的原理验证研究中,我们建立了一个参数化的球对称爆炸方法(PUSH),可以再现各种爆炸前模型的核心坍缩超新星的许多特征。该方法是基于中微子驱动的机制,遵循崩溃,反弹和爆炸。我们的核合成预测模型有两个关键方面。首先,质量削减和爆炸能量同时出现在模拟中(确定每个恒星模型的铁族喷出物的数量)。第二,中微子和物质之间的相互作用被一致地包括在内(设置最里面的喷射物的电子分数)。在本文中,我们使用Ebinger等人(2018)成功的爆炸模型,其中包括两套太阳金属丰度的爆炸前模型,组合质量在10.8和120 M $_{\odot}$之间。我们进行系统的核合成研究,并预测详细的同位素产量。由此产生的$^{56}$镍喷出物是在总体上与正常的核心坍缩超新星的观测值。铁组产额也与贫金属恒星HD84937的丰度一致。我们还提出了一个比较我们的结果与观测趋势的α元素铁的比例。