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arXiv 1309.5477astro-ph.HEnucl-th
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超新星中微子与核合成

Supernova neutrinos and nucleosynthesis

G. Martínez-Pinedo, T. Fischer, L. Huther

摘要:

对贫金属恒星的观测表明,至少有两个不同的核合成位点有助于产生r-过程元素。一个站点负责生产轻r过程元素Z<~50,而另一个站点生产重r过程元素。我们已经分析了最近的观测结果的贫金属的恒星,只选择的恒星是丰富的轻r-过程元素和重r-过程元素的穷人。我们发现,所观察到的N=50元素(Sr,Y和Zr)和Fe的丰度之间有很强的相关性。这表明,来自核塌缩超新星的中微子驱动风是这些元素产生的主要场所。我们探索这种可能性进行核合成计算的基础上长期玻尔兹曼中微子输运模拟。它们基于状态方程,该方程再现了最近对核对称能的约束。我们预测早期的喷出物是富中子的,Ye ~ 0.48,它在4 s左右变成富质子的,当我们的模拟停止时,在9 s达到Ye = 0.586。该模型中的核合成产生Zn和Mo之间的元素,包括92 Mo。元素丰度与贫金属恒星HD 12263的观测结果一致。对于Ge和Mo之间的元素,我们主要产生缺中子同位素。这一预测可以通过对贫金属恒星同位素丰度的观测得到证实。在我们的计算中没有产生比Mo(Z=42)更重的元素,也没有产生重r过程元素。

英文摘要:

Observations of metal-poor stars indicate that at least two different nucleosynthesis sites contribute to the production of r-process elements. One site is responsible for the production of light r-process elements Z<~50 while the other produces the heavy r-process elements. We have analyzed recent observations of metal-poor stars selecting only stars that are enriched in light r-process elements and poor in heavy r-process elements. We find a strong correlation between the observed abundances of the N=50 elements (Sr, Y and Zr) and Fe. It suggest that neutrino-driven winds from core-collapse supernova are the main site for the production of these elements. We explore this possibility by performing nucleosynthesis calculations based on long term Boltzmann neutrino transport simulations. They are based on an Equation of State that reproduces recent constrains on the nuclear symmetry energy. We predict that the early ejecta is neutron-rich with Ye ~ 0.48, it becomes proton rich around 4 s and reaches Ye = 0.586 at 9 s when our simulation stops. The nucleosynthesis in this model produces elements between Zn and Mo, including 92Mo. The elemental abundances are consistent with the observations of the metal-poor star HD 12263. For the elements between Ge and Mo, we produce mainly the neutron-deficient isotopes. This prediction can be confirmed by observations of isotopic abundances in metal-poor stars. No elements heavier than Mo (Z=42) and no heavy r-process elements are produced in our calculations.

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