Radial surface brightness profiles of spiral galaxies are classified into three types: (I) single exponential, or the light falls off with one exponential to a break before falling off (II) more steeply, or (III) less steeply. Profile breaks are also found in dwarf disks, but some dwarf Type IIs are flat or increasing out to a break before falling off. Here we re-examine the stellar disk profiles of 141 dwarfs: 96 dwarf irregulars (dIms), 26 Blue Compact Dwarfs (BCDs), and 19 Magellanic-type spirals (Sms). We fit single, double, or even triple exponential profiles in up to 11 passbands: GALEX FUV and NUV, ground-based UBV JHK and Hα, and Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 μm. We find that more luminous galaxies have brighter centers, larger inner and outer scale lengths, and break at larger radii; dwarf trends with M_B extend to spirals. However, the V-band break surface brightness is independent of break type, M_B, and Hubble type. Dwarf Type II and III profiles fall off similarly beyond the breaks but have different interiors and IIs break ~twice as far as IIIs. Outer Type II and III scale lengths may have weak trends with wavelength, but pure Type II inner scale lengths clearly decrease from the FUV to visible bands whereas Type III inner scale lengths increase with redder bands. This suggests the influence of different star formation histories on profile type, but nonetheless the break location is approximately the same in all passbands. Dwarfs continue trends between profile and Hubble types such that later-type galaxies have more Type II but fewer Type I and III profiles than early-type spirals. BCDs and Sms are over-represented as Types III and II, respectively, compared to dIms.
Testing Modified Newtonian Dynamics with Rotation Curves of Dwarf and Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
矮星系和低表面亮度星系是测试修正牛顿动力学(MOND)的理想对象,因为在大多数这些星系中,加速度低于MOND适用的阈值。我们从文献中选取了27个矮星系和低表面亮度星系的样本。MOND成功地解释了在这里提供的样本中大约四分之三的星系的观测旋转曲线的一般形状。然而,对于剩下的四分之一,MOND不能充分解释观察到的旋转曲线。考虑到我们样本中星系的距离和倾角的不确定性,一小部分糟糕的MOND预测是可以预料的,这不一定是MOND的问题。我们还采用MOND加速度常数a_0作为自由参数进行拟合,以确定任何系统趋势。我们发现,似乎有一个中心表面亮度和最佳拟合值的a_0之间的相关性,在这个意义上说,较低的表面亮度星系往往有较低的a_0。然而,这种相关性强烈地依赖于少数星系,其旋转曲线可能是不确定的,因为无论是酒吧或翘曲。如果没有这些星系,那么这种趋势的证据就更少了,但是我们发现的a_0 ~ 0.7*10^-8 cm s^-2的平均值比以前的研究结果要低一些。如果外部引力场很重要,那么a_0的拟合值可能会更低。
Keck/LRIS Spectroscopic Confirmation of Coma Cluster Dwarf Galaxy Membership Assignments
Keck/LRIS多目标光谱仪对后发座星系团核心区的140个最低和最高表面亮度的暗(19 < R < 22)矮星系候选者进行了测量。这些光谱被用来测量红移,并建立这些微弱的矮种群的成员资格。低表面亮度样本的主要目标是测试我们使用形态和表面亮度标准区分后发座星系团成员和背景星系的能力,使用高分辨率HST/ACS图像。候选人被评为预期成员,不确定,或预期的背景。从93个光谱中识别出51个矮星系成员和20个背景星系。我们的形态成员估计成功率为100%的对象,预计将成为成员和优于90%的星系预计将在背景中。我们确认,低表面亮度是一个很好的指标集群成员。高表面亮度星系几乎总是背景与混乱所产生的情况下,只有罕见的紧凑的椭圆星系。在中等表面亮度下出现更多问题的情况。这些星系中的许多都被赋予了不确定的成员评级,并且这些星系被发现是成员的时间约为一半。包括颜色信息将改进成员资格确定,但是对于在仅使用表面亮度和形态标准时已经被错误识别的一些相同对象将失败。具有B-V色的紧凑椭圆星系,特别是红色序列红向0.2等,需要光谱跟踪。在47个高表面亮度的样本中,有19个物体的红移使它们位于后发座星系团中。红移测量和使用间接手段建立集群成员进行了讨论。