Keck/LRIS多目标光谱仪对后发座星系团核心区的140个最低和最高表面亮度的暗(19 < R < 22)矮星系候选者进行了测量。这些光谱被用来测量红移,并建立这些微弱的矮种群的成员资格。低表面亮度样本的主要目标是测试我们使用形态和表面亮度标准区分后发座星系团成员和背景星系的能力,使用高分辨率HST/ACS图像。候选人被评为预期成员,不确定,或预期的背景。从93个光谱中识别出51个矮星系成员和20个背景星系。我们的形态成员估计成功率为100%的对象,预计将成为成员和优于90%的星系预计将在背景中。我们确认,低表面亮度是一个很好的指标集群成员。高表面亮度星系几乎总是背景与混乱所产生的情况下,只有罕见的紧凑的椭圆星系。在中等表面亮度下出现更多问题的情况。这些星系中的许多都被赋予了不确定的成员评级,并且这些星系被发现是成员的时间约为一半。包括颜色信息将改进成员资格确定,但是对于在仅使用表面亮度和形态标准时已经被错误识别的一些相同对象将失败。具有B-V色的紧凑椭圆星系,特别是红色序列红向0.2等,需要光谱跟踪。在47个高表面亮度的样本中,有19个物体的红移使它们位于后发座星系团中。红移测量和使用间接手段建立集群成员进行了讨论。
英文摘要:
Keck/LRIS multi-object spectroscopy has been carried out on 140 of some of the lowest and highest surface brightness faint (19 < R < 22) dwarf galaxy candidates in the core region of the Coma Cluster. These spectra are used to measure redshifts and establish membership for these faint dwarf populations. The primary goal of the low surface brightness sample is to test our ability to use morphological and surface brightness criteria to distinguish between Coma Cluster members and background galaxies using high resolution HST/ACS images. Candidates were rated as expected members, uncertain, or expected background. From 93 spectra, 51 dwarf galaxy members and 20 background galaxies are identified. Our morphological membership estimation success rate is ~100% for objects expected to be members and better than ~90% for galaxies expected to be in the background. We confirm that low surface brightness is a very good indicator of cluster membership. High surface brightness galaxies are almost always background with confusion arising only from the cases of the rare compact elliptical galaxies. The more problematic cases occur at intermediate surface brightness. Many of these galaxies are given uncertain membership ratings, and these were found to be members about half of the time. Including color information will improve membership determination but will fail for some of the same objects that are already mis-identified when using only surface brightness and morphology criteria. Compact elliptical galaxies with B-V colors ~0.2 magnitudes redward of the red sequence in particular require spectroscopic follow-up. In a sample of 47 high surface brightness, UCD candidates, 19 objects have redshifts which place them in the Coma Cluster. Redshift measurements are presented and the use of indirect means for establishing cluster membership is discussed.
Massive and Newly Dead: Discovery of a Significant Population of Galaxies with High Velocity Dispersions and Strong Balmer Lines at z~1.5 from Deep Keck Spectra and HST/WFC3 Imaging
我们提出了深Keck/LRIS光谱和HST/WFC 3成像在静止坐标系光学的8个星系的样品在z~1.5与高光度测定的恒星质量。这些数据与van de Sande等人(2011年,2012年待提交)的五个星系的VLT/XShooter光谱相结合。我们发现,这13个星系具有高速度色散,其中值为sigma=301 km s^{-1}。这个高值与它们相对较高的恒星质量和紧凑的尺寸相一致。我们研究了它们的恒星星族使用的巴耳末吸收线,这是不敏感的尘埃吸收的强度。我们发现巴尔末吸收强度的范围很大,许多星系显示出非常强烈的线条,表明年轻的年龄。直接确定或从H10线推断的中值Hdelta_A等效宽度为5.4埃,表明亮度加权年龄约为1 Gyr。虽然由于选择效应,这个值可能偏向于更高的值,但具有如此年轻年龄的高色散星系在本地宇宙中非常罕见。有趣的是,我们没有发现静止坐标系U-V色的简单相关性:一些最红的星系具有非常强的巴耳末吸收线。这些结果表明,许多z~1.5的高色散星系最近被淬灭。这意味着在z~2处一定存在着一群具有高速色散或线宽的恒星形成祖先,而这在CO/H α选择巡天中是众所周知的。
Spectroscopic Confirmation of Three Red-Sequence Selected Galaxy Clusters at z=0.87, 1.16 and 1.21 from the SpARCS Survey
斯皮策适应性红序星系团巡天(SpARCS)是对50度^2斯皮策SWIRE遗留磁场的z '通带成像巡天,其主要目的是创建第一个z>1的大质量星系团的大型均匀选择样本。SpARCS使用红外适应的两个过滤器集群红色序列技术。在这篇论文中,我们报告了两个新的异常丰富的星系团的Keck/LRIS光谱确认,SpARCS J161315+564930,z=0.871+/-0.002,有14个高置信度成员,静止帧速度色散为sigma_v= 1230+/-320 km s^-1,和SpARCS J161641+554513,z=1.161+/-0.003,有7个高置信度成员(包括一个活动星系核),静止坐标系速度色散σ_v=950+/-330 km s^-1。我们还确认了第三个新系统,SpARCS J161037+552417,z=1.210+/-0.002,有7个高置信度成员,静止坐标系速度离散为sigma_v=410+/-300 km s^-1。这三个新的光谱证实的集群进一步证明了效率和有效性的双过滤器成像检测真正的星系团在高红移。我们的结论是,前景是好的,为当前一代的调查,旨在估计集群红移和质量在z>~1直接从光学红外成像。
Kinematic Confirmation of a Remarkable Linear Trail of Galaxies in the NGC 1052 Field, Consistent with Formation in a High-Speed Bullet Dwarf Collision
Yale University(耶鲁大学);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);San Jose State University(圣何塞州立大学);University of California Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校)