近临界非平衡量子动力学中的普适时间涨落
Universal time-fluctuations in near-critical out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics
摘要：
在量子涨落之上，脱离平衡态的量子系统显示出复杂的时间模式。这样的时间波动在系统体积中一般是指数小的，因此在大多数情况下可以安全地忽略。然而，如果考虑小的猝灭实验，时间波动可以大大增强。我们表明，时间的波动可能会变得比其他形式的平衡量子波动更强，如果淬火进行接近临界点。对于充分相关的运营商的动态演变的可观察的期望值的全分布函数，成为一个通用的功能，唯一的临界指数和边界条件的特点。在相图的规则点处，对于非充分相关的算子，分布变为高斯分布。我们的预言被量子伊辛模型上的一个显式计算所证实。
英文摘要：
Out of equilibrium quantum systems, on top of quantum fluctuations, display complex temporal patterns. Such time fluctuations are generically exponentially small in the system volume and can be therefore safely ignored in most of the cases. However, if one consider small quench experiments, time fluctuations can be greatly enhanced. We show that time fluctuations may become stronger than other forms of equilibrium quantum fluctuations if the quench is performed close to a critical point. For sufficiently relevant operators the full distribution function of dynamically evolving observable expectation values, becomes a universal function uniquely characterized by the critical exponents and the boundary conditions. At regular points of the phase diagram and for non sufficiently relevant operators the distribution becomes Gaussian. Our predictions are confirmed by an explicit calculation on the quantum Ising model.
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