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arXiv 1306.6541gr-qchep-th
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In-in形式主义,赝瞬子与量子宇宙学的再思考

In-in formalism, pseudo-instantons and rethinking quantum cosmology

Ali Kaya

摘要:

不像平坦空间的量子场论专注于散射振幅,量子宇宙学中的主要观测量是关联函数。系统的方法来计算迭代器被称为内-内形式主义,它只需要一个渐近区域,即过去的无穷大。微扰论中的规则和路径积分测度对于in-in和in-out形式主义是非常不同的,因此在一种方法中是标准的结果在另一种方法中不一定成立。我们表明,固定相近似工程完全不同的标量在路径积分。因此,在宇宙学的背景下,有一些解,伪瞬子,允许在局部稳定的真空之间隧穿,即使在无限大的体积中,这从进出的角度来看是违反直觉的。我们认为,各种熟悉的概念,进出形式主义必须重新审查的在形式主义,这可能有重要的后果量子宇宙学。

英文摘要:

Unlike flat space quantum field theories that focus on scattering amplitudes, the main observables in quantum cosmology are correlation functions. The systematic way of calculating correlators is called in-in formalism, which requires only a single asymptotic region, i.e. past infinity. The rules in perturbation theory and the path integral measure are very different for in-in and in-out formalisms, and thus the results which are standard in one approach may not necessarily hold in the other one. We show that stationary phase approximation works completely different for a scalar in-in path integral. Hence, in a cosmological background there are solutions, pseudo-instantons, that allow tunneling between locally stable vacua even in infinite volume, which is counterintuitive from an in-out perspective. We argue that various familiar notions of in-out formalism must be reexamined in the in-in formalism, which might have important consequences for quantum cosmology.

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