Circular flush Jets In Cross-Flow were experimentally studied in a water tunnel using Volumetric Particle Tracking Velocimetry, for a range of jet to cross-flow velocity ratios, r, from 0.5 to 3, jet exit diameters $d$ from 0.8 cm to 1 cm and cross-flow boundary layer thickness delta from 1 to 2.5 cm. The analysis of the 3D mean velocity fields allows for the definition, computation and study of Counter-rotating Vortex Pair trajectories. The influences of r, d and delta were investigated. A new scaling based on momentum ratio r_m taking into account jet and cross-flow momentum distributions is introduced based on the analysis of jet trajectories published in the literature. Using a rigorous scaling quality factor Q to quantify how well a given scaling successfully collapses trajectories, we show that the proposed scaling also improves the collapse of CVP trajectories, leading to a final scaling law for these trajectories.
Turbofan engine performance depends highly on the characteristics and conditions of the inlet flow. Swirl distortions, caused by non-uniformities in flows arising from boundary layer or ground/fuselage vortex ingestion are of concern and need to be fully understood to guarantee efficiency and safety of propulsion systems. To investigate a fundamental single-vortex distortion development in a duct at different Reynolds numbers, a StreamVane distortion generating device was designed and experimentally analyzed in a small-scale low-speed wind tunnel (ReD 500,000) and in a full-scale engine testin…
The interpretation of data obtained from particle image/tracking velocimetry in the study of superfluid flows has been so far a challenging task. Tracking particles (as solid hydrogen or deuterium) are attracted to the cores of quantized vortices, so that their dynamics can be strongly affected by the surrounding vortex tangle. Previous phenomenological arguments indicate that tracking particles and micro-sized vortex rings could form bound states (denoted here as VRP states). While a comprehensive description of the vortex ring-particle bonding mechanism has to deal with somewhat involved flo…
Superfluid helium is an intimate mixture of a viscous normal fluid, with continuous vorticity, and an inviscid superfluid, where vorticity is constrained to thin, stable topological defects. One mechanism to generate turbulence in this system is through the application of a heat flux, so called thermal counterflow. Of particular interest is how turbulence in the superfluid responds to both a laminar and turbulent normal fluid in the presence of walls. We model superfluid vortex lines as reconnecting space curves with fixed circulation, and consider both laminar (Poiseuille) and turbulent norma…
In light of recent renewed interest in streaks in turbulent jets, the current work explores their coexistence with vortex rings in the near field of turbulent round jets. A Reynolds number, $Re=1.5 \times 10^5$ jet is studied at two diameters downstream of the nozzle, using high-speed stereo particle image velocimetry. The spectra of individual velocity components reveal radially localized signatures of the large scale structures. The radial shapes of the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition modes corresponding to the signatures, confirm the presence of high speed streaks in the outer edge…
A popular model for a generic fat-cored vortex ring or eddy is Hill's spherical vortex (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A vol. 185, 1894, p. 213). Here we find an exact solution for such a spherical vortex steadily propagating along the axis of a rotating ideal fluid. The spherical vortex swirls in such a way as to exactly cancel out the background rotation of the system. The flow external to the spherical vortex exhibits fully nonlinear inertial wave motion. We show that above a critical rotation rate, closed streamlines form in this outer fluid region and hence fluid is carried along with the spheric…
Interdisciplinary Centre of Energy Sciences, Indian Institute of Science（印度科学学院交叉能源科学中心）；Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science（印度科学学院机械工程系）
We study experimentally a round Jet In CrossFlow (JICF) at low values of the jet to-crossflow velocity ratio R using instantaneous and time-averaged three-dimensions three-components (3D3C) velocimetry. The difference between instantaneous and time-averaged swirling structures of the JICF is emphasized. Through the analysis of spatial distribution of instantaneous transverse and longitudinal vortices the main transitions of the JICF are characterized for 0.15 < R < 2.2. A new transition at very low velocity ratio is found (R < 0.3). When R is large enough (R > 1.25), the classic JICF topology …
The vortex streets produced by a flapping foil of span-to-chord aspect ratio of 4:1 are studied in a hydrodynamic tunnel experiment. In particular, the mechanisms giving rise to the symmetry breaking of the reverse Bénard-von Kármán vortex street that characterizes fish-like swimming and forward flapping flight are examined. Two-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurements in the mid-plane perpendicular to the span axis of the foil are used to characterize the different flow regimes. The deflection angle of the mean jet flow with respect to the horizontal observed in the average velocit…
A counter-rotating Taylor-Couette flow with relatively small radius ratios of $η$ = 0.2--0.5 was investigated over a wide range of the Reynolds number, from laminar to turbulent regime, by means of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. We investigated the $η$ dependence of the flow structure and determined a critical value between $η$ = 0.2 and 0.3, below which, the stable outer cylinder side exhibited a modal structure that was different from the Taylor-vortex flow on the inner side. At $η\geq$ 0.3, the Taylor-vortex on the unstable inner side dominated the entire flow field between…
The motion of a pair of counter-rotating point vortices placed in a uniform flow around a circular cylinder forms a rich nonlinear system that is often used to model vortex shedding. The phase portrait of the Hamiltonian governing the dynamics of a vortex pair that moves symmetrically with respect to the centerline---a case that can be realized experimentally by placing a splitter plate in the center plane---is presented. The analysis provides new insights and reveals novel dynamical features of the system, such as a nilpotent saddle point at infinity whose homoclinic orbits define the region …
We perform a numerical analysis of superfluid turbulence produced by thermal counterflow in He II by using the vortex filament model. Counterflow in a low aspect ratio channel is known to show the transition from laminar flow to the two turbulent states TI and TII. The present understanding is that the TI has the turbulent superfluid and the laminar normal fluid but both fluids are turbulent in the TII state. This work studies the vortex tangle in the TI state. Solid boundary condition is applied to walls of a square channel, and the velocity field of the normal fluid is prescribed to be a lam…
The present work examines the downstream vortex evolution behind a cascade of vortex generators producing counter-rotating vortices in a boundary layer of negligible streamwise pressure gradient. For the current study, which is an extension of the model presented in [4], these parameters are all seen to vary linearly in the downstream direction. Based on the experimental observations triggered by a previous study, the vortices generated by vortex generators have been observed to be self-similar for both the axial ($u_z$) and azimuthal ($u_θ$) velocity profiles. The previous model, which is bas…
An elastic foil interacting with a uniform flow with its trailing edge clamped, also known as the inverted foil, exhibits a wide range of complex self-induced flapping regimes such as large amplitude flapping (LAF), deformed and flipped flapping. Here, we perform three-dimensional numerical experiments to examine the role of vortex shedding and the vortex-vortex interaction on the LAF response at Reynolds number Re=30,000. Here we investigate the dynamics of the inverted foil for a novel configuration wherein we introduce a fixed splitter plate at the trailing edge to suppress the vortex shedd…
CEA, CNRS, SPEC, Université Paris-Saclay（法国原子能与替代能源委员会，法国国家科学研究中心，物理、化学与材料科学实验室，巴黎萨克雷大学）；Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University（麦克马斯特大学数学与统计系）；Univ. Lille, CNRS, ONERA, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, Centrale Lille（里尔大学，法国国家科学研究中心，法国航空航天研究院，巴黎国立高等工艺学院，里尔中央理工学院）
Numerical simulations using the Lattice Boltzmann Method are presented of the following two-dimensional incompressible flow problem. Starting from configurations corresponding to translating inviscid equilibria, namely, the translating Föppl equilibria (counter-rotating point vortex pair, either fore or aft of a translating circular cylinder) and the translating Hill equilibria (counter-rotating point vortex pair, either fore or aft of an elliptic cylinder), viscosity is turned on for $t >0$ and the subsequent viscous interaction is simulated. The interaction is in a dynamically coupled settin…
We perform numerical simulations of finite temperature quantum turbulence produced through thermal counterflow in superfluid $^4$He, using the vortex filament model. We investigate the effects of solid boundaries along one of the Cartesian directions, assuming a laminar normal fluid with a Poiseuille velocity profile, whilst varying the temperature and the normal fluid velocity. We analyze the distribution of the quantized vortices, reconnection rates and quantized-vorticity production as a function of the wall-normal direction. We find that the quantized vortex lines tend to concentrate close…
