We consider a magnetic configuration consisting of an arcade structure and a detached plasmoid, resulting from a magnetic reconnection process, as is typically found in connection with solar flares. We study spontaneous current fragmentation caused by shear and vortex plasma flows. An exact analytical transformation method was applied to calculate self-consistent solutions of the nonlinear stationary MHD equations. The assumption of incompressible field-aligned flows implies that both the Alfven Mach number and the mass density are constant on field lines. We first calculated nonlinear MHS equilibria with the help of the Liouville method, emulating the scenario of a solar eruptive flare configuration with plasmoids and flare arcade. Then a Mach number profile was constructed that describes the upflow along the open magnetic field lines and implements a vortex flow inside the plasmoid. This Mach number profile was used to map the MHS equilibrium to the stationary one. We find that current fragmentation takes place at different locations within our configuration. Steep gradients of the Alfven Mach number are required, implying the strong influence of shear flows on current amplification and filamentation of the MHS current sheets. Crescent- or ring-like structures appear along the outer separatrix, butterfly structures between the upper and lower plasmoids, and strong current peaks close the lower boundary. Impressing an intrinsic small-scale structure on the upper plasmoid results in strong fragmentation of the plasmoid. Hence fragmentation of current sheets and plasmoids is an inherent property of MHD theory. Transformations from MHS into MHD steady-states deliver fine-structures needed for plasma heating and acceleration of particles and bulk plasma flows in dissipative events that are typically connected to magnetic reconnection processes in flares and coronal mass ejections.
Three dimensional, particle-in-cell, fully electromagnetic simulations of electron plasma wake field acceleration applicable to solar atmosphere are presented. It is established that injecting driving and trailing electron bunches into solar coronal and chromospheric plasmas, results in electric fields ($-(20-5) \times 10^{6}$ V/m), leading to acceleration of the trailing bunch up to 52 MeV, starting from initial 36 MeV. The results provide one of potentially important mechanisms for the extreme energetic solar flare electrons, invoking plasma wake field acceleration.
It has been proposed that particles bouncing between magnetized flows converging in a reconnection region can be accelerated by the first order Fermi mechanism. Analytical considerations of this mechanism have shown that the spectral index of accelerated particles is related to the total plasma compression within the reconnection region similarly to the case of diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. As a first step to investigate the efficiency of Fermi acceleration in reconnection regions in producing hard energy spectra of particles in the solar corona, we explore the degree of plasma compr…
In this paper we present a numerical study of the dynamics of partially ionized coronal rain blobs. We use a two-fluid model to perform a high-resolution 2D simulation that takes into account the collisional interaction between the charged and neutral particles contained in the plasma. We follow the evolution of a cold plasma condensation as it falls through an isothermal vertically stratified atmosphere that represents the much hotter and lighter solar corona. We study the consequences of the different degrees of collisional coupling that are present in the system. On the one hand, we find th…
Oscillatory reconnection is a relaxation process in magnetised plasma, with an inherent periodicity that is exclusively dependent on the properties of the background plasma. This study focuses on the seismological prospects of oscillatory reconnection in the solar corona. We perform three sets of parameter studies (for characteristic coronal values of the background magnetic field, density and temperature) using the PLUTO code to solve the fully compressive, resistive MHD equations for a 2D magnetic X-point. From each parameter study, we derive the period of the oscillatory reconnection. We fi…
The problem of beam propagation in a plasma with small scale and low intensity inhomogeneities is investigated. It is shown that the electron beam propagates in a plasma as a beam-plasma structure and is a source of Langmuir waves. The plasma inhomogeneity changes the spatial distribution of the waves. The spatial distribution of the waves is fully determined by the distribution of plasma inhomogeneities. The possible applications to the theory of radio emission associated with electron beams are discussed.
Dynamics of an spatially limited electron beam in the inhomogeneous solar corona plasma is considered in the framework of weak turbulence theory when the temperature of the beam significantly exceeds that of surrounding plasma. The numerical solution of kinetic equations manifests that generally the beam accompanied by Langmuir waves propagates as a beam-plasma structure with a decreasing velocity. Unlike the uniform plasma case the structure propagates with the energy losses in the form of Langmuir waves. The results obtained are compared with the results of observations of type III bursts. I…
Intensity bursts in ultraviolet (UV) to X-ray wavelengths and plasma jets are typical signatures of magnetic reconnection and the associated impulsive heating of the solar atmospheric plasma. To gain new insights into the process, high-cadence observations are required to capture the rapid response of plasma to magnetic reconnection as well as the highly dynamic evolution of jets. Here, we report the first 2 s cadence extreme-UV observations recorded by the 174 Å High Resolution Imager of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Orbiter mission. These observations, covering a quiet-Su…
In this study, we investigate the spatial distribution of highly varying plasma composition around one of the largest sunspots of solar cycle 24. Observations of the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona are brought together with magnetic field modelling of the sunspot in order to probe the conditions which regulate the degree of plasma fractionation within loop populations of differing connectivities. We find that in the coronal magnetic field above the sunspot umbra, the plasma has photospheric composition. Coronal loops rooted in the penumbra contain fractionated plasma, with the highest le…
Solar and stellar dynamos shed small-scale and large-scale magnetic helicity of opposite signs. However, solar wind observations and simulations have shown that some distance above the dynamo both the small-scale and large-scale magnetic helicities have reversed signs. With realistic simulations of the solar corona above an active region now being available, we have access to the magnetic field and current density along coronal loops. We show that a sign reversal in the horizontal averages of the magnetic helicity occurs when the local maximum of the plasma beta drops below unity and the field…
The back-reaction of the perturbed thermal equilibrium in the solar corona on compressive perturbations, also known as the effect of wave-induced thermal misbalance, is known to result in thermal instabilities chiefly responsible for the formation of fine thermal structuring of the corona. We study the role of the magnetic field and field-aligned thermal conduction in triggering instabilities of slow magnetoacoustic and entropy waves in quiescent and hot active region loops, caused by thermal misbalance. Effects of the magnetic field are accounted for by including it in the parametrisation of …
The motivation for this study is to include the effect of plasma flow in Alfvén wave (AW) damping via phase mixing and to explore the observational implications. Our magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations and analytical calculations show that, when a background flow is present, mathematical expressions for the AW damping via phase mixing are modified by the following substitution: $C_A^\prime(x) \to C_A^\prime(x)+V_0^\prime(x)$, where $C_A$ and $V_0$ are AW phase and the flow speeds, and the prime denotes a derivative in the direction across the background magnetic field. In uniform magnetic fi…
We analyze the eruption of a coronal plasma channel (CPC) and an overlying flux rope using \textit{Atmospheric Imaging Assembly/Solar Dynamic Observatory} (AIA/SDO) and \textit{Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory} (STEREO)-A spacecraft data. The CPC erupted first with its low and very faint coronal signature. Later, above the CPC, a diffuse and thin flux rope also developed and erupted. The spreading CPC further triggered a rotating jet-like structure from the coronal hole lying to its northward end. This jet-like eruption may have evolved due to the interaction between spreading CPC and t…
It has been suggested that the hot plasma of the solar corona comes primarily from impulsive heating events, or nanoflares, that occur in the lower atmosphere, either in the upper part of the ordinary chromosphere or at the tips of type II spicules. We test this idea with a series of hydrodynamic simulations. We find that synthetic Fe XII (195) and Fe XIV (274) line profiles generated from the simulations disagree dramatically with actual observations. The integrated line intensities are much too faint; the blue shifts are much too fast; the blue-red asymmetries are much too large; and the emi…
Coronal loops are the basic structures of the solar transition region and corona. The understanding of physical mechanism behind the loop heating, plasma flows, and filling are still considered a major challenge in the solar physics. The mechanism(s) should be able to supply mass to the corona from the chromosphere and able to heat the plasma over 1 MK within the small distance of few hundred km from the chromosphere to the corona. This problem makes coronal loops an interesting target for detailed study. In this study, we focus on spectroscopic observations of a coronal loop, observed in its …
Torsional Alfven Oscillation in the Regime of Firehose Instability as a Mechanism of Plasma Stratification in a Laboratory Experiment on Modeling a Coronal Arch
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院阿·瓦·加蓬诺夫-格列霍夫应用物理研究所）；Lobachevsky University（罗巴切夫斯基大学）
The million degree plasma of the solar corona must be supplied by the underlying layers of the atmosphere. The mechanism and location of energy release, and the precise source of coronal plasma, remain unresolved. In earlier work we pursued the idea that warm plasma is supplied to the corona via direct heating of the chromosphere by nanoflares, contrary to the prevailing belief that the corona is heated in-situ and the chromosphere is subsequently energized and ablated by thermal conduction. We found that single (low-frequency) chromospheric nanoflares could not explain the observed intensitie…
In this short note, we discuss a mechanism for the transport of energy, momentum and dipole moment via transient neutral carriers in plasma. This gives a way to rapidly convert bulk hydrodynamic flow energy into thermal energy over a distance of several mean free paths. In the transition region of the solar corona we estimate various processes and their potential to introduce the high energies needed to to reach the 2 x10^6K observed there. It implies that kinetic methods may be essential for modeling the corona and that there are more gentle but still robust means than reconnection to relax m…
Much of our understanding of the state of coronal plasmas comes from observations that are optically thin. This means that light travels freely through the corona without being materially affected by it, which allows it to be easily seen through, but also results in a line-of-sight degeneracy which has previously thwarted attempts to recover the three-dimensional structure of the coronal plasma. However, although the corona is disorganized in the line-of-sight direction, it is highly organized in the field-aligned direction. This paper demonstrates how to exploit this organization to resolve t…
The plasma $β$ is important to investigate the interchanging roles of plasma and magnetic pressure in the solar atmosphere. It can help to describe features over the photosphere and their changes at different heights. The goal is to obtain the plasma $β$ variations through the solar corona during the solar cycles 23 and 24. The plasma $β$ is reconstructed in different layers of the solar atmosphere. For this purpose, we use an updated version of COronal DEnsity and Temperature (CODET) model. In this version, we selected different features in the solar atmosphere such as Quiet Sun (QS), faculae…
The solar coronal heating is a longstanding mystery in astrophysics. Considering that the solar magnetic field is spatially inhomogeneous with considerable magnetic gradient from solar surface to the corona, this work proposes a magnetic gradient pumping (MGP) mechanism and try to explain the formation of hot plasma upflows, such as the hot type II spicules and hot plasma ejections, etc. In MGP mechanism, the magnetic gradients drive the energetic particles to move upwards from the underlying solar atmosphere and form hot upflows. These upflow energetic particles deposit in corona and make it …
We perform a time-dependent ionization analysis to constrain plasma heating requirements during a fast partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) observed on 2000 June 28 by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). We use two methods to derive densities from the UVCS measurements, including a density sensitive O V line ratio at 1213.85 and 1218.35 Angstroms, and radiative pumping of the O VI 1032,1038 doublet by chromospheric emission lines. The most strongly constrained feature shows cumulative plasma heating comparable to or greater …
Using one-arcsecond-slit scan observations from the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on 05 February 2007, we find the plasma outflows in the open and expanding coronal funnels at the eastern boundary of AR 10940. The Doppler velocity map of Fe XII 195.120 A shows that the diffuse close-loop system to be mostly red-shifted. The open arches (funnels) at the eastern boundary of AR exhibit blue-shifts with a maximum speed of about 10-15 km/s. This implies outflowing plasma through these magnetic structures. In support of these observations, we perform a 2D numerical simulation of the expandin…
As one of the most spectacular energy release events in the solar system, solar flares are generally powered by magnetic reconnection in the solar corona. As a result of the re-arrangement of magnetic field topology after the reconnection process, a series of new loop-like magnetic structures are often formed and are known as flare loops. A hot diffuse region, consisting of around 5-10 MK plasma, is also observed above the loops and is called a supra-arcade fan. Often, dark, tadpole-like structures are seen to descend through the bright supra-arcade fans. It remains unclear what role these so-…
Stellar flares are characterized by sudden enhancement of electromagnetic radiation from the atmospheres of stars. Compared to their solar counterparts, our knowledge on the coronal plasma dynamics of stellar flares and their connection to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) remains very limited. With time-resolved high-resolution spectroscopic observations from the \textit{Chandra} X-ray observatory, we detected noticeable coronal plasma flows during several stellar flares on a nearby dMe star EV Lac. In the observed spectra of O~{\sc{viii}} (3 MK), Fe~{\sc{xvii}} (6 MK), Mg~{\sc{xii}} (10 MK), and…
We present a novel method to evaluate the Alfven speed and the magnetic field strength along the streamer plasma sheet in the outer corona. The method is based on recent observations of streamer waves, which are regarded as the fast kink body mode carried by the plasma sheet structure and generated upon the impact of a fast CME (coronal mass ejection) on a nearby streamer. The mode propagates outwards with a phase speed consisting of two components. One is the phase speed of the mode in the plasma rest frame, the other is the speed of the solar wind streaming along the plasma sheet. The former…
Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院云南天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science（云南太阳能物理与空间科学重点实验室）
Magnetic flux ropes are bundles of twisted magnetic field enveloping a central axis. They harbor free magnetic energy and can be progenitors of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), but identifying flux ropes on the Sun can be challenging. One of the key coronal observables that has been shown to indicate the presence of a flux rope is a peculiar bright coronal structure called a sigmoid. In this work, we show Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) observations of sigmoidal active region 10977. We analyze the coronal plasma composition in the active region and its evolution as the sigmoid (flux rope) …
We consider the oblique fragmentation of the current layer as a result of the thermal instability described in Ledentsov (Sol. Phys. 296, 74, 2021a). It is shown that the fragmentation transverse to the current is a natural feature of the model. The fragmentation tilt does not exceed a few degrees for realistic preflare parameters of the coronal plasma. As a consequence, oblique fragmentation generally does not have a strong impact on the simulation results, however, extreme changes can reach an order of magnitude. Thus, oblique fragmentation can lead to a decrease in the estimate of the spati…
The hot solar corona exists because of the balance between radiative and conductive cooling and some counteracting heating mechanism which remains one of the major puzzles in solar physics. The coronal thermal equilibrium is perturbed by magnetoacoustic waves which are abundantly present in the corona, causing a misbalance between the heating and cooling rates. Due to this misbalance, the wave experiences a back-reaction, either losing or gaining energy from the energy supply that heats the plasma, at the time scales comparable to the wave period. In particular, the plasma can be subject to wa…
We study a 2D cellular automaton (CA) model for the evolution of coronal loop plasmas. The model is based on the idea that coronal loops are made of elementary magnetic strands that are tangled and stressed by the displacement of their footpoints by photospheric motions. The magnetic stress accumulated between neighbor strands is released in sudden reconnection events or nanoflares that heat the plasma. We combine the CA model with the Enthalpy Based Thermal Evolution of Loops (EBTEL) model to compute the response of the plasma to the heating events. Using the known response of the XRT telesco…
An inverted U burst with equally developed ascending and descending branches observed by Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope (GURT) on 18 April 2017 in meter wavelengths band is discussed. This U burst was attributed to the high coronal loop above the limb active region NOAA 12651. Under the assumption that, associated with the burst, the coronal loop confines isothermal plasma stratified according to a Boltzmann density relation, the geometrical and physical parameters of the loop were estimated. According to our model coronal loops may contain plasma which is up to 20 times denser than the surro…
We present the results of the first attempt of statistical research devoted to the association between X-ray Plasma Ejections (XPEs) and prominences. For this aim, we compared contents of a catalogue of XPEs, observed by the Soft X-ray Telescope onboard Yohkoh, to H$α$ reports from the Solar-Geophysical Data. We found that only less than one third of XPEs shows a low-temperature counterpart. A modest connection between hot and cool plasma motions in the corona is also supported by by a frequent discrepancy between morphology and kinematics of simultaneously occurring XPEs and prominences. We e…
From a turbulent history, the study of abundances of elements in solar energetic particles (SEPs) has grown into an extensive field that probes the solar corona and the physical processes of SEP acceleration and transport. Underlying SEPs are the abundances of the solar corona, which differ from photospheric abundances as a function of the first ionization potentials (FIPs) of the elements. The FIP-dependence of SEPs also differs from that of the solar wind; each has a different magnetic environment where low-FIP ions and high-FIP neutral atoms rise toward the corona. Two major sources generat…
There is evidence that coronal heating is highly intermittent, and flares are the high energy extreme. The properties of the heat pulses are difficult to constrain. Here hydrodynamic loop modeling shows that several large amplitude oscillations (~ 20% in density) are triggered in flare light curves if the duration of the heat pulse is shorter that the sound crossing time of the flaring loop. The reason is that the plasma has not enough time to reach pressure equilibrium during the heating and traveling pressure fronts develop. The period is a few minutes for typical solar coronal loops, dictat…
We compare observations of the non-flaring solar corona made simultaneously with Hinode/XRT and with RHESSI. The analyzed corona is dominated by a single active region on 12 November 2006. The comparison is made on emission measures. We derive emission measure distributions vs temperature of the entire active region from multifilter XRT data. We check the compatibility with the total emission measure values estimated from the flux measured with RHESSI if the emission come from isothermal plasma. We find that RHESSI and XRT data analyses consistently point to the presence of a minor emission me…
We present an updated global model of the solar corona, including the transition region. We simulate the realistic tree-dimensional (3D) magnetic field using the data from the photospheric magnetic field measurements and assume the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Alfvén wave turbulence and its non-linear dissipation to be the only source for heating the coronal plasma and driving the solar wind. In closed field regions the dissipation efficiency in a balanced turbulence is enhanced. In the coronal holes we account for a reflection of the outward propagating waves, which is accompanied by generation …
We present results of 3-D numerical simulations of a fast magnetic twister excited above a foot-point of the potential solar coronal arcade that is embedded in the solar atmosphere with the initial VAL-IIIC temperature profile, which is smoothly extended into the solar corona. With the use of the FLASH code, we solve 3-D ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations by specifying a twist in the azimuthal component of magnetic field in the solar chromosphere. The imposed perturbation generates torsional Alfvén waves as well as plasma swirls that reach the other foot-point of the arcade and partially refl…
With the SDO/AIA instrument, continuous and intermittent plasma outflows are observed on the boundaries of an active region along two distinct open coronal loops. %with the speed of 30$\sim$200 km s$^{-1}$. By investigating the temporal sequence magnetograms obtained from HMI/SDO, it is found that small-scale magnetic reconnection probably plays an important role in the generation of the plasma outflows in the coronal loops. It is found that the origin of the plasma outflows coincides with the locations of the small-scale magnetic fields with mixed polarities, which suggests that the plasma ou…
Using the multi-temperature observations from SDO/AIA on 30th December 2019, we provide a signature of prominence driven forced magnetic reconnection in the corona and associated plasma dynamics during 09:20 UT to 10:38 UT. A hot prominence segment erupts with a speed of 21 km/s and destabilises the entire prominence system. Thereafter, it rose upward in the north during 09:28 UT to 09:48 UT with a speed of 24 km/s. The eruptive prominence stretches overlying field lines upward with the speed of 27-28 km/s , which further undergo into the forced reconnection. The coronal plasma also flows in s…
Solar events, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares, heat up the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space environment. Due to this heating and expansion of the outer atmosphere by the energetic ultraviolet, X-ray and particles expelled from the sun, the low Earth-Orbiting satellites (LEOS) become vulnerable to an enhanced drag force by the ions and molecules of the expanded atmosphere. Out of various types of perturbations, Earth directed CMEs play the most significant role. They are more frequent and intense during the active (solar maximum) phase of the sun's approximately 11-y…
Coronal loops are the building blocks of the X-ray bright solar corona. They owe their brightness to the dense confined plasma, and this review focuses on loops mostly as structures confining plasma. After a brief historical overview, the review is divided into two separate but not independent sections: the first illustrates the observational framework, the second reviews the theoretical knowledge. Quiescent loops and their confined plasma are considered, and therefore topics such as loop oscillations and flaring loops (except for non-solar ones which provide information on stellar loops) are …
On February 12, 2021 two subsequent eruptions occurred above the West limb, as seen along the Sun-Earth line. The first event was a typical slow Coronal Mass Ejection (CME), followed $\sim 7$ hours later by a smaller and collimated prominence eruption, originating Southward with respect to the CME, followed by a plasma blob. These events were observed not only by SOHO and STEREO-A missions, but also by the suite of remote sensing instruments on-board Solar Orbiter (SolO). This work shows how data acquired by the Full Sun Imager (FSI), Metis coronagraph, and Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI) from th…
This work focus on the first results on the identification and characterization of periodic plasma density fluctuations in the outer corona, observed in STEREO-A COR1 white-light image time series. A 2D reconstruction of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the coronal fluctuation power has been performed over the whole plane of the sky, from 1.4 to 4.0 solar radii. The adopted diagnostic tool is based on wavelet transforms. This technique, with respect to the standard Fourier analysis, has the advantage of localizing non-persistent fluctuating features and exploring the variatio…
We simulate a coronal mass ejection (CME) using a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code that includes coronal heating, thermal conduction, and radiative cooling in the energy equation. The magnetic flux distribution at 1 R$_s$ is produced by a localized subsurface dipole superimposed on a global dipole field, mimicking the presence of an active region within the global corona. Transverse electric fields are applied near the polarity inversion line to introduce a transverse magnetic field, followed by the imposition of a converging flow to form and destabilize a flux rope, producing …
Magnetism defines the complex and dynamic solar corona. Twists and tangles in coronal magnetic fields build up energy and ultimately erupt, hurling plasma into interplanetary space. These coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are transient riders on the ever-outflowing solar wind, which itself possesses a three-dimensional morphology shaped by the global coronal magnetic field. Coronal magnetism is thus at the heart of any understanding of the origins of space weather at the Earth. However, we have historically been limited by the difficulty of directly measuring the magnetic fields of the corona, and…
We consider the effects of the heat balance on the structural stability of a preflare current layer. The problem of small perturbations is solved in the piecewise homogeneous MHD approximation taking into account the viscosity, the electrical and thermal conductivity, and the radiative cooling. Solution of the problem allows the formation of an instability of a thermal nature. There is no external magnetic field inside the current layer in equilibrium state, but it can penetrate inside when the current layer is disturbed. Formation of a magnetic field perturbation inside the layer creates a de…
The state of the space environment plays a significant role for forecasting of geomagnetic storms produced by disturbances of the solar wind (SW). Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) passing through the heliosphere often have a prolonged (up to several days) trail with declining speed, which affects propagation of the subsequent SW streams. We studied the CME and the post-eruption plasma flows behind the CME rear in the event on 2010 August 18 observed in quadrature by several space-based instruments. Observations of the eruption in the corona with EUV telescopes and coronagraphs revealed several di…
Coronal Non-Thermal and Doppler Plasma Flows Driven by Photospheric Flux in 28 Active Regions
University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory（伦敦大学学院，穆拉德空间科学实验室）；University of Vienna, Institute of Astrophysics（维也纳大学，天体物理研究所）；Computational Physics, Inc.（计算物理公司）；Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory（海军研究实验室空间科学部）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar Physics Laboratory, Heliophysics Science Division（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心，太阳物理学实验室，日球物理科学部）；Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University（诺森比亚大学数学、物理与电气工程系）；INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）
We derived the coronal magnetic field, plasma density, and temperature from the observation of polarization and intensity of radio thermal free-free emission using the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations. We observed a post-flare loop on the west limb 11 April 2013. The line-of-sight magnetic field was derived from the circularly polarized free-free emission observed by NoRH. The emission measure and temperature were derived from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The derived temperature was used to estimate t…
The Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability is commonly found in many astrophysical, laboratory, and space plasmas. It could mix plasma components of different properties and convert dynamic fluid energy from large scale structure to smaller ones. In this study, we combined the ground-based New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) and the Solar Dynamic Observatories (SDO) / Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) to observe the plasma dynamics associated with active region 12673 on 09 September 2017. In this multi-temperature view, we identified three adjacent layers of plasma flowing at different speeds, and d…
Magnetohydrodynamic waves are important for diagnosing the physical parameters of coronal plasmas. Field-aligned flows appear frequently in coronal loops.We examine the effects of transverse density and plasma flow structuring on standing sausage modes trapped in coronal loops, and examine their observational implications. We model coronal loops as straight cold cylinders with plasma flow embedded in a static corona. An eigen-value problem governing propagating sausage waves is formulated, its solutions used to construct standing modes. Two transverse profiles are distinguished, one being the …
