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arXiv 1306.3888cs.AI
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智力的SP理论综述

The SP theory of intelligence: an overview

J. Gerard Wolff

摘要:

本文是对“SP智力理论”的综述。该理论旨在简化和整合人工智能,主流计算和人类感知和认知的概念,并将信息压缩作为统一的主题。它被认为是一个类似大脑的系统,接收“新”信息,并以压缩形式存储部分或全部“旧”信息。它以计算机模型的形式实现-SP机的第一个版本。“多重结盟”的概念是一个强有力的中心思想。使用启发式技术,该系统建立多个比对,在信息压缩方面是“好”的。对于每个多重比对,可以计算概率。这些为计算推论的概率提供了基础。系统从模式之间的部分匹配中学习新的结构。使用启发式技术,系统搜索在信息压缩方面“好”的结构集。这些通常是人们根据“DONSVIC”原则判断为“自然”的东西-通过信息压缩发现自然结构。SP理论可以应用于若干领域,包括“计算”、数学和逻辑方面、知识表示、自然语言处理、模式识别、若干种推理、信息存储和检索、规划和问题解决、信息压缩、神经科学以及人类感知和认知。例子包括语言的分析和生产,包括语法中的不连续依赖关系,多层次抽象的模式识别及其与部分-整体关系的整合,非单调推理和默认值推理,贝叶斯网络中的推理,包括“解释”,因果诊断和几何类比问题的解决。

英文摘要:

This article is an overview of the "SP theory of intelligence". The theory aims to simplify and integrate concepts across artificial intelligence, mainstream computing and human perception and cognition, with information compression as a unifying theme. It is conceived as a brain-like system that receives 'New' information and stores some or all of it in compressed form as 'Old' information. It is realised in the form of a computer model -- a first version of the SP machine. The concept of "multiple alignment" is a powerful central idea. Using heuristic techniques, the system builds multiple alignments that are 'good' in terms of information compression. For each multiple alignment, probabilities may be calculated. These provide the basis for calculating the probabilities of inferences. The system learns new structures from partial matches between patterns. Using heuristic techniques, the system searches for sets of structures that are 'good' in terms of information compression. These are normally ones that people judge to be 'natural', in accordance with the 'DONSVIC' principle -- the discovery of natural structures via information compression. The SP theory may be applied in several areas including 'computing', aspects of mathematics and logic, representation of knowledge, natural language processing, pattern recognition, several kinds of reasoning, information storage and retrieval, planning and problem solving, information compression, neuroscience, and human perception and cognition. Examples include the parsing and production of language including discontinuous dependencies in syntax, pattern recognition at multiple levels of abstraction and its integration with part-whole relations, nonmonotonic reasoning and reasoning with default values, reasoning in Bayesian networks including 'explaining away', causal diagnosis, and the solving of a geometric analogy problem.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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