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arXiv 1306.3216quant-ph
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论可观测性质的“实在性”

On the 'Reality' of Observable Properties

Shane Mansfield

摘要:

这篇笔记包含了一些初步的工作,试图把量子力学基础中关于波函数性质的最新发展纳入更符合逻辑和结构的方法的范围。第一步是推广和重新制定哈里根和斯佩肯斯提出的波函数的真实性标准,这是PBR定理的核心。由此产生的标准有几个优点,包括避免了与成套零测量有关的某些技术困难。通过不考虑波函数的“现实性”,而是考虑任何本体论物理理论的可观测性质,发现了非定域性和上下文性的新特征。其次,仔细分析了PBR定理的关键假设之一--制备独立性,得出了与Bell定域性的类比,因此,有人提议将其削弱为与无信号类似的“无准备信号”假设。这相当于在联合实体状态中引入非局部相关性,这至少与贝尔定理和科亨-斯佩克定理一致。因此,提出了是否可以加强PBR结果,以保持在这个宽松的假设下的问题。

英文摘要:

This note contains some initial work on attempting to bring recent developments in the foundations of quantum mechanics concerning the nature of the wavefunction within the scope of more logical and structural methods. A first step involves generalising and reformulating a criterion for the reality of the wavefunction proposed by Harrigan & Spekkens, which was central to the PBR theorem. The resulting criterion has several advantages, including the avoidance of certain technical difficulties relating to sets of measure zero. By considering the 'reality' not of the wavefunction but of the observable properties of any ontological physical theory a novel characterisation of non-locality and contextuality is found. Secondly, a careful analysis of preparation independence, one of the key assumptions of the PBR theorem, leads to an analogy with Bell locality, and thence to a proposal to weaken it to an assumption of `no-preparation-signalling' in analogy with no-signalling. This amounts to introducing non-local correlations in the joint ontic state, which is, at least, consistent with the Bell and Kochen-Specker theorems. The question of whether the PBR result can be strengthened to hold under this relaxed assumption is therefore posed.

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