Wallace（2022）最近论证说，若干流行的测量问题研究进路无法被完全推广到相对论量子力学和量子场论；因此 Wallace 主张，就目前情况而言，只有仅幺正（unitary-only）进路对测量问题是可行的。然而，仅幺正进路面临严重的认识论问题，这些问题可能威胁其作为解决方案的可行性，因此我们认为，寻找一种能够推广到相对论量子力学的、可行的测量问题解决方案，仍是一个紧迫而悬而未决的问题。在本文中，我们试图从一般意义上理解这样一种方案可能是什么样子。我们论证说，为了避免严重的认识论问题，该解决方案必须是一种单世界实在论进路；我们进一步论证说，任何能够重现相对论量子力学预言的单世界实在论进路，极有可能具有这样一种性质：我们可观察的实在并不随附于动力学的、精确定义的微观存在物（beables）。因此，我们提出三条可供进一步探索的可能路径：可观察实在可以是近似的和突现的，如加入跨视角联系的关系量子力学；或者可观察实在可以随附于并非在微观层面定义的存在物，如一致历史进路；又或者可观察实在可以随附于非动力学的存在物，如 Kent 对 Lorentz 经典实在问题的解决方案。我们的结论是，一旦把所有这些问题都考虑在内，测量问题可行解决方案的可选范围就会显著缩小。
英文摘要：
Wallace (2022) has recently argued that a number of popular approaches to the measurement problem can't be fully extended to relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory; Wallace thus contends that as things currently stand, only the unitary-only approaches to the measurement problem are viable. However, the unitary-only approaches face serious epistemic problems which may threaten their viability as solutions, and thus we consider that it remains an urgent outstanding problem to find a viable solution to the measurement problem which can be extended to relativistic quantum mechanics. In this article we seek to understand in general terms what such a thing might look like. We argue that in order to avoid serious epistemic problems, the solution must be a single-world realist approach, and we further argue that any single-world realist approach which is able to reproduce the predictions of relativistic quantum mechanics will most likely have the property that our observable reality does not supervene on dynamical, precisely-defined microscopic beables. Thus we suggest three possible routes for further exploration: observable reality could be approximate and emergent, as in relational quantum mechanics with the addition of cross-perspective links, or observable reality could supervene on beables which are not microscopically defined, as in the consistent histories approach, or observable reality could supervene on beables which are not dynamical, as in Kent's solution to the Lorentzian classical reality problem. We conclude that once all of these issues are taken into account, the options for a viable solution to the measurement problem are significantly narrowed down.
Compatibility of any pair of 2-outcome measurements characterizes the Choquet simplex
对于局部凸T2空间的紧凸子集$K $，$A(K)$上的一个度量是$A(K)$中的一个有限的正元素族，归一化为单位常数$1_K$，其中$A(K)$表示$K$上的连续实仿射泛函集。证明了紧凸集$K$是Choquet单形当且仅当任意一对$2$ -结果测度相容，即测量值作为单个测量值的边缘给出。这推广了[Plávala M 2016 Phys.\修订版本\ A \textbf{94}，042108]在量子理论基础的背景下获得。
