组合搜索问题的空间有效并行算法
Space-Efficient Parallel Algorithms for Combinatorial Search Problems
摘要:
我们提出了两个基本的组合搜索问题,即回溯搜索和分支定界,都涉及访问一个$n$节点树的高度$h$的假设下,一个节点只能通过它的父亲或它的孩子的空间有效的并行策略。对于这两个问题,我们提出了高效的算法,运行在一个$p$处理器的分布式内存机器。对于回溯搜索,我们给出了一个在$O(n/p+h\log p)$时间内运行的确定性算法,以及一个需要最佳$O(n/p+h)$时间的Las Vegas算法,具有很高的概率。在回溯搜索算法的基础上,我们还推导出了一个在$O((n/p+h\log p \log n)h\log^2 n)$时间内以高概率运行的分支定界的拉斯维加斯算法。我们的算法的一个显着特点是使用每个处理器,这构成了一个显着的改进后,以前的算法,每个处理器的空间需求取决于(可能是巨大的)树探索只有恒定的空间。
英文摘要:
We present space-efficient parallel strategies for two fundamental combinatorial search problems, namely, backtrack search and branch-and-bound, both involving the visit of an $n$-node tree of height $h$ under the assumption that a node can be accessed only through its father or its children. For both problems we propose efficient algorithms that run on a $p$-processor distributed-memory machine. For backtrack search, we give a deterministic algorithm running in $O(n/p+h\log p)$ time, and a Las Vegas algorithm requiring optimal $O(n/p+h)$ time, with high probability. Building on the backtrack search algorithm, we also derive a Las Vegas algorithm for branch-and-bound which runs in $O((n/p+h\log p \log n)h\log^2 n)$ time, with high probability. A remarkable feature of our algorithms is the use of only constant space per processor, which constitutes a significant improvement upon previous algorithms whose space requirements per processor depend on the (possibly huge) tree to be explored.
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