静态宇宙中基本物理量的时间变化
Temporal Variation of the Fundamental Physical Quantities in a Static Universe
摘要：
对观测到的遥远天体的红移光谱和光度的标准解释是宇宙正在膨胀，这一推论也与其他宇宙学探测一致。显然，只有{ \it无量纲}量的解释不依赖于物理单位制，而{ \it量纲}量的动力学依赖于任意选择的单位制。所有红移或光度测量真正表明的是宇宙尺度相对于局部尺度的{ \it}膨胀。另一种标尺可以是两个遥远星系之间的距离，在这种情况下，局部距离必须随着时间的推移而减小（相对于标尺），以与红移测量保持一致。在后一种选择中，微观尺度如康普顿波长或普朗克长度随时间而减小，因此基本“常数”如普朗克常量、光速、牛顿引力常量和粒子质量都与时空有关。为了说明这一基本的不确定性，我们构建了一个替代的解释，其特征在于与时间相关的基本物理量的静态度量的扩展模型。这两种不同的描述分别被称为“扩展”和“静态”空间视角。宇宙膨胀、复合和所有其他早期宇宙过程都是不变的;“膨胀”和“静态”的观点与完全相同的宇宙学模型有关。
英文摘要：
The standard interpretation of the observed redshifted spectra and luminosities towards distant astrophysical objects is that the universe is expanding, an inference which is found to be consistent with other cosmological probes as well. Clearly, only the interpretation of {\it dimensionless} quantities does not depend on the physical unit system as opposed to {\it dimensional} quantities whose dynamics does depend on the arbitrarily chosen system of units. All that redshift or luminosity measurements really indicate is that cosmological scales expand {\it relative} to local scales. An alternative choice of a ruler could be the distance between two remote galaxies, in which case local distances have to decrease with time (with respect to the ruler) for consistency with redshift measurements. In the latter choice, microscopic scales such as the Compton wavelength, or the Planck length, decrease with time, and consequently fundamental `constants' such as the Planck constant, speed of light, Newton gravitational constant, and particle masses, are spacetime-dependent. To illustrate this fundamental indeterminacy we construct an alternative interpretation to the expanding model that is characterized by a static metric with time-dependent fundamental physical quantities. The two alternative descriptions, are referred to as the `expanding' and `static' space perspectives, respectively. Cosmological inflation, recombination, and all other early universe processes are unaltered; the `expanding' and `static' perspectives are associated with exactly the same cosmological model.
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