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arXiv 1306.0900astro-ph.HE
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多个吸积事件是Sgr A* 活动的触发因素

Multiple accretion events as a trigger for Sgr A* activity

Bozena Czerny, Devaky Kunneriath, Vladimir Karas, Tapas K. Das

摘要:

气体云存在于银河系中心,在那里它们围绕着超大质量黑洞运行。这些团块之间的碰撞减少了它们的角动量,因此一些团块被设置在一个暴跌的轨道上。根据目前观察到的分子云的X射线反射,可以对过去吸积事件的性质施加约束。我们讨论吸积的云的背景下,在过去的几百年中增强活动的Sgr A*。我们提出了一种方案,根据这种方案,气体云将物质带到黑洞的视界附近,其尺度小于~0.1秒差距。我们已经模拟了源的固有光度,假设多个事件发生在不同的时刻。这些事件的特点是吸积物质的数量和角动量的分布。我们参数化的离散事件序列的形式的活动,遵循粘性的演变,并计算系统的光度从随时间变化的吸积率跨越内边界。吸积团块在圆化半径附近停留,在粘性时间内扩散,随后在一定时间内为黑洞提供能量。只有当流入的粘性时间尺度非常短时,才能预期亮度的显著增强(十倍)。另一方面,如果后一个时间尺度较长,而且相当大一部分物质没有到达中心,则放射源活动的增加预计将不那么显著。在两个附加假设下得到了一个解:(i)辐射效率是爱丁顿比的递减函数;(ii)光度的粘性衰减比正则L(t)~t^{-5/3}分布稍快。我们应用我们的计划在银河系中心的G2云的情况下,获得无核气体云模型的约束。

英文摘要:

Gas clouds are present in the Galactic centre, where they orbit around the supermassive black hole. Collisions between these clumps reduce their angular momentum, and as a result some of the clumps are set on a plunging trajectory. Constraints can be imposed on the nature of past accretion events based on the currently observed X-ray reflection from the molecular clouds. We discuss accretion of clouds in the context of enhanced activity of Sgr A* during the past few hundred years. We put forward a scenario according to which gas clouds bring material close to the horizon of the black hole on <~0.1 parsec scale. We have modelled the source intrinsic luminosity assuming that multiple events occur at various moments in time. These events are characterized by the amount of accreted material and the distribution of angular momentum. We parameterized the activity in the form of a sequence of discrete events, followed the viscous evolution, and calculated the luminosity of the system from the time-dependent accretion rate across the inner boundary. Accreting clumps settle near a circularization radius, spread there during the viscous time, and subsequently feed the black hole over a certain period. A significant enhancement (by factor of ten) of the luminosity is only expected if the viscous timescale of the inflow is very short. On the other hand, the increase in source activity is expected to be much less prominent if the latter timescale is longer and a considerable fraction of the material does not reach the centre. A solution is obtained under two additional assumptions: (i) the radiative efficiency is a decreasing function of the Eddington ratio; (ii) the viscous decay of the luminosity proceeds somewhat faster than the canonical L(t)~t^{-5/3} profile. We applied our scheme to the case of G2 cloud in the Galactic centre to obtain constraints on the core-less gaseous cloud model.

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