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arXiv 1306.0739astro-ph.EP
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恒星黑子对高精度transit光变曲线的影响

Effect of stellar spots on high-precision transit light-curve

M. Oshagh, N. C. Santos, I. Boisse, G. Boué, M. Montalto, X. Dumusque, N. Haghighipour

摘要:

恒星的活动特征,如斑点,可以通过光谱和光度观测来确定行星参数。例如,凌日行星和恒星黑子的重叠可能会产生凌日光变曲线的异常,这可能导致对凌日持续时间、深度和时间的不准确估计。例如,这种不准确性会影响行星半径的精确推导。本文给出了恒星黑子对高精度凌日光变曲线影响的定量研究结果。我们发现,现场异常可以导致估计的行星半径是4%小于真实值。对传输持续时间的影响也可能为4%左右,或长或短。根据斑点的大小和分布,异常也可以产生具有显著幅度的过境时间变化。例如,当光斑完全黑暗并且与最大的太阳光斑一样大时,可以产生信号幅度为200秒的TTV。我们的研究还表明,对高精度凌光曲线有可检测影响的恒星光斑的最小尺寸约为典型开普勒望远镜精度的恒星半径的0.03倍。我们还表明,包括更多的自由参数(如过境深度和持续时间)在拟合过程中,以测量每个单独的过境时间的战略将不会产生准确的结果的情况下,活跃的恒星。

英文摘要:

Stellar activity features such as spots can create complications in determining planetary parameters through spectroscopic and photometric observations. The overlap of a transiting planet and a stellar spot, for instance, can produce anomalies in the transit light curves that may lead to inaccurate estimation of the transit duration, depth and timing. For instance such inaccuracies can affect the precise derivation of the planet's radius. In this paper, we present the results of a quantitative study on the effects of stellar spots on high precision transit light curves. We show that spot anomalies can lead to the estimate of a planet radius that is 4% smaller than the real value. The effects on the transit duration can also be of the order of 4%, longer or shorter. Depending on the size and distribution of spots, anomalies can also produce transit timing variations with significant amplitudes. For instance, TTVs with signal amplitudes of 200 seconds can be produced when the spot is completely dark and as large as the largest Sun spot. Our study also indicates that the minimum size of a stellar spot with detectable affects on the high precision transit light curve is around 0.03 time the stellar radius for typical Kepler telescope precision. We also show that the strategy of including more free parameters (such as transit depth and duration) in the fitting procedure to measure the transit time of each individual transit will not produce accurate results in the case of active stars.

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