We study the holographic entanglement entropy in a homogeneous falling shell background, which is dual to the strongly coupled field theory following a global quench. For d=2 conformal field theories, it is known that the entropy has a linear growth regime if the scale of the entangling region is large. In addition, the growth rate approaches a constant when the scale increases. We demonstrate analytically that this behavior is directly related to the part of minimal area surface probing the interior of apparent horizons in the bulk, as well as the mutual information between two disjoint rectangular subsystems in the boundary. Furthermore, we show numerically that all the results are universal for the d=3 conformal field theory, the non-relativistic scale-invariant theory and the dual theory of Gauss-Bonnet gravity.
We employ the AdS/CFT correspondence to investigate the thermalization of the strongly-coupled plasma and the jet quenching of a hard probe traversing such a thermalizing medium.
The problem of holographic thermalization in the framework of Einstein gravity coupled to Born-Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics is investigated. We use equal time two-point correlation functions and expectation values of Wilson loop operators in the boundary quantum field theory as probes of thermalization, which have dual gravity descriptions in terms of geodesic lengths and minimal area surfaces in the bulk spacetime. The full range of values of the chemical potential per temperature ratio on the boundary is explored. The numerical results show that the effect of the charge on the thermaliza…
We estimate the ratio of the thermalization time over the freeze-out time using a holographic AdS-Vaidya model for quark-gluon plasma formed in the heavy ion collisions. In the model the process of thermalization is described as formation of the black hole in AdS space while dethermalization process, related with the freeze-out, as the black hole evaporation due to the Hawking radiation that is modeled by the Vaidya metric with a negative mass. In this model the thermalization takes place only at small scales and absent in the infrared region. At small scales the system tends towards a state o…
We study the lightlike and timelike R-current correlators in the AdS-Vaidya spacetime, which are associated with the production of prompt photons and dileptons from a nonequilibrium, rapidly thermalizing, and strongly coupled plasma in the AdS/CFT correspondence. In particular, we focus on the photon production. We find that the amplitude of the photon-emission spectrum increases during the thermalization of the medium. Also, the time-dependent emission rate for hard photons has an oscillatory pattern and thermalizes faster than soft photons.
We estimate the thermalization time in two colliding shock waves holographic model of heavy-ion collisions. For this purpose we model the process by the Vaidya metric with a horizon defined by the trapped surface location. We consider two bottom-up AdS/QCD models that give, within the colliding shock waves approach, the dependence of multiplicity on the energy compatible with RHIC and LHC results. One model is a bottom-up AdS/QCD confining model and the other is related to an anisotropic thermalization. We estimate the thermalization time and show that increasing the confining potential decrea…
Following a series of similar calculations in simpler non-conformal holographic setups, we determine the quasinormal mode spectrum for an operator dual to a gauge-invariant scalar field within the Improved Holographic QCD framework. At temperatures somewhat above the critical temperature of the deconfinement transition, we find a small number of clearly separated modes followed by a branch-cut-like structure parallel to the real axis, the presence of which is linked to the form of the IHQCD potential employed. The temperature dependence of the lowest nonzero mode is furthermore used to study t…
We study the thermalization of a strongly coupled quantum field theory in the presence of a chemical potential. More precisely, using the holographic prescription, we calculate non- local operators such as two point function, Wilson loop and entanglement entropy in a time- dependent background that interpolates between AdSd+1 and AdSd+1 -Reissner-Nordström for d = 3, 4. We find that it is the entanglement entropy that thermalizes the latest and thus sets a time-scale for equilibration in the field theory. We study the dependence of the thermalization time on the probe length and the chemical p…
We study thermalization of a strongly coupled theory holographically dual to a thin shell of null dust with non-zero angular momentum collapsing to Kerr-AdS. We calculate thermalization time for two point correlation functions. It happens that in the 3-dimensional case the thermalization time is just proportional to the distance between points where the correlator is evaluated. This is a very surprising and rather unexpected generalization of the same relation in the case of zero momentum.
We investigate the behavior of energy momentum tensor correlators in holographic $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills plasma, taking finite coupling corrections into account. In the thermal limit we determine the flow of quasinormal modes as a function of the 't Hooft coupling. Then we use a specific model of holographic thermalization to study the deviation of the spectral densities from their thermal limit in an out-of-equilibrium situation. The main focus lies on the thermalization pattern with which the plasma constituents approach their thermal distribution as the coupling constant decreases …
We investigate jet quenching of virtual gluons and thermalization of a strongly-coupled plasma with a non-zero chemical potential via the gauge/gravity duality. By tracking a charged shell falling in an asymptotic AdS$_{d+1}$ background for $d=3$ and $d=4$, which is characterized by the AdS-Reissner-Nordström-Vaidya (AdS-RN-Vaidya) geometry, we extract a thermalization time of the medium with a non-zero chemical potential. In addition, we study the falling string as the holographic dual of a virtual gluon in the AdS-RN-Vaidya spacetime. The stopping distance of the massless particle representi…
We investigate the behavior of the retarded Green's function of a U(1) gauge field in holographic N=4 Super Yang-Mills plasma, taking the leading strong coupling corrections into account. First, we use the thermal limit of this quantity to determine the flow of the photon quasinormal mode spectrum away from the infinite 't Hooft coupling limit, and after this specialize to a specific model of holographic thermalization, in which we evaluate the corresponding spectral density. In the latter case, our primary interest lies in the pattern, with which the spectral density approaches its equilibriu…
Using gauge/gravity duality, we study the thermalization of strongly coupled N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma. We analyze the expectation value of the stress tensor and scalar correlation functions and the applicability of the fluctuation dissipation theorem. Via gauge/gravity duality, this maps into studying the equilibration of a black hole geometry and its Hawking radiation.
From the viewpoint of AdS/CFT correspondence, we investigate the holographic thermalization process in a four dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-axions gravity theory, which is considered as a simple bulk theory dual to a boundary theory with momentum relaxation. We probe the thermalization process using the equal time two-point functions and the entanglement entropy with the circle profile. We analyze the effects of momentum relaxation on the process in details and results show that the momentum relaxation gives longer thermalization time, which means it suppresses the holographic thermalization pr…
We study the production of prompt photons in strongly coupled out-of-equilibrium Super Yang-Mills plasma using the AdS/CFT correspondence. Our goal is to determine the photon emission spectrum at different stages of a thermalization process, which is modeled via the gravitational collapse of a thin spherical shell in AdS$_5$ space. Particular emphasis is placed on the limit of large frequencies, which we are able to treat analytically.
In this paper, the thermalization has been studied holographically. Explicitly in the gravity side, we consider the gravitational collapse of a thin shell of dust in a spacetime dominated by quintessence dark energy. With the thermalization probes such as the normalized geodesic length and minimal area surface, we study the effect of the state parameter for the quintessence dark energy on the thermalization. Our results show that the smaller the state parameter of quintessence is, the harder the plasma to thermalize. We also investigate the thermalization velocity and thermalization accelerati…
We investigate the behaviour of various correlators in N=4 super Yang Mills theory, taking finite coupling corrections into account. In the thermal limit we investigate the flow of the quasinormal modes as a function of the 't Hooft coupling. Then by using a specific model of holographic thermalization we investigate the deviation of the spectral densities from their thermal limit in an out-of-equilibrium situation. The main focus lies on the thermalization pattern with which the various plasma constituents of different energies approach their final thermal distribution as the coupling constan…
We propose a real time holographic framework to study thermalization processes of a family of QFT excited states. The construction builds on Skenderis-van Rees's holographic duals to QFT Schwinger-Keldysh complex-time ordered paths. Thermalization is explored choosing a set of observables $F_n$ which essentially isolate the excited state contribution. Focusing on theories defined on compact manifolds and with excited states defined in terms of Euclidean path integrals, we identify boundary conditions that allow to avoid any number of modes in the initial field state. In the large conformal dim…
We develop a holographic model for thermalization following a quench near a quantum critical point with non-trivial dynamical critical exponent. The anti-de Sitter Vaidya null collapse geometry is generalized to asymptotically Lifshitz spacetime. Non-local observables such as two-point functions and entanglement entropy in this background then provide information about the length and time scales relevant to thermalization. The propagation of thermalization exhibits similar "horizon" behavior as has been seen previously in the conformal case and we give a heuristic argument for why it also appe…
We investigate the effect of massive graviton on the holographic thermalization process. Before doing this, we first find out the generalized Vaidya-AdS solutions in the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity by directly solving the gravitational equations. Then, we study the thermodynamics of these Vaidya-AdS solutions by using the Minsner-Sharp energy and unified first law, which also shows that the massive gravity is in a thermodynamic equilibrium state. Moreover, we adopt the two-point correlation function at equal time to explore the thermalization process in the dual field theor…
Assuming gauge/gravity correspondence we study reheating of the Universe using its holographic dual. Inflaton decay and thermalisation of the decay products correspond to collapse of a spherical shell and formation of a blackhole in the dual anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The reheating temperature is computed as the Hawking temperature of the developed blackhole probed by a dynamical boundary, and is determined by the inflaton energy density and the AdS radius, with corrections from the dynamics of the shell collapse. For given initial energy density of the inflaton field the holographic mode…
Gravitational collapse of a shell of dust in noncommutative geometry is probed by the renormalized geodesic length, which is dual to probe the thermalization by the two-point correlation function in the dual conformal field theory. We find that larger the noncommutative parameter is, longer the thermalization time is, which implies that the large noncommutative parameter delays the thermalization process. We also investigate how the noncommutative parameter affects the thermalization velocity and thermalization acceleration.
We investigate the thermalization time scale in the planar limit of the SU(N) N=4 SYM plasma at strong yet finite 't Hooft coupling by considering its supergravity dual description, including the full O(alpha'^3) type IIB string theory corrections. We also discuss on the effects of the leading non-planar corrections. We use extended geometric probes in the bulk which are dual to different non-local observables in the N=4 SYM theory. This is carried out within the framework of dynamical holographic thermalization.
We consider holographic thermalization in the presence of a Weyl correction in five dimensional AdS space. We first obtain the Weyl corrected black brane solution perturbatively, up to first order in the coupling. The corresponding AdS-Vaidya like solution is then constructed. This is then used to numerically analyze the time dependence of the two point correlation functions and the expectation values of rectangular Wilson loops in the boundary field theory, and we discuss how the Weyl correction can modify the thermalization time scales in the dual field theory. In this context, the subtle in…
Holographic thermalization is studied in the framework of Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We use the two-point correlation function and expectation value of Wilson loop, which are dual to the renormalized geodesic length and minimal area surface in the bulk, to probe the thermalization. The numeric result shows that larger the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient is, shorter the thermalization time is, and larger the charge is, longer the thermalization time is, which implies that the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient can accelerate the thermalization while the charge has an opposite effect. In addition, we…
A Vaidya type geometry describing gravitation collapse in asymptotically Lifshitz spacetime with hyperscaling violation provides a simple holographic model for thermalization near a quantum critical point with non-trivial dynamic and hyperscaling violation exponents. The allowed parameter regions are constrained by requiring that the matter energy momentum tensor satisfies the null energy condition. We present a combination of analytic and numerical results on the time evolution of holographic entanglement entropy in such backgrounds for different shaped boundary regions and study various scal…
Thin-shell AdS-Vaidya spacetimes can be considered as holographic models of the thermalization process in strongly-coupled conformal field theories following a rapid injection of energy from an external source. While the expected thermalization time is the inverse temperature, Bhattacharyya and Minwalla have pointed out that bulk causality implies that expectation values of local field-theory observables actually take on their thermal values immediately following the injection. In this paper we study two-point functions, for which the causality argument does not apply. Specifically, we study t…
We discuss the concepts of mutual and tripartite information by referring to simple intuitive examples, and describe their use as probes of thermalization in holographic models. We then review our computation of these quantities in a simple time dependent model, in which energy injection in a strongly coupled field theory is modeled by a shell of null dust falling into 3d anti-de Sitter space. We complete those results with a discussion of the possible equilibrium phases of the tripartite information.
Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we probe the scale-dependence of thermalization in strongly coupled field theories following a quench, via calculations of two-point functions, Wilson loops and entanglement entropy in d=2,3,4. In the saddlepoint approximation these probes are computed in AdS space in terms of invariant geometric objects - geodesics, minimal surfaces and minimal volumes. Our calculations for two-dimensional field theories are analytical. In our strongly coupled setting, all probes in all dimensions share certain universal features in their thermalization: (1) a slight delay in…
We introduce higher-derivative Gauss-Bonnet correction terms in the gravity sector and we relate the modified gravity theory in the bulk to the strongly coupled quantum field theory on a de Sitter boundary. We study the process of holographic thermalization by examining three nonlocal observables, the two-point function, the Wilson loop and the holographic entanglement entropy. We study the time evolution of these three observables and we find that as the strength of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling is increased, the saturation time of the thermalization process to reach thermal equilibrium becomes s…
We employ the holographic approach to study the thermalization in the quenched strongly-coupled field theories with very general anisotropic scalings including Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating fixed points. The holographic dual is a Vaidya-like time-dependent geometry where the asymptotic metric has general anisotropic scaling isometries. We find the Ryu-Takanayagi extremal surface and use it to calculate the time-dependent entanglement entropy between a strip region with width $2R$ and its outside region. In the special case with an isotropic metric, we also explore the entanglement entrop…
The sudden injection of energy in a strongly coupled conformal field theory and its subsequent thermalization can be holographically modeled by a shell falling into anti-de Sitter space and forming a black brane. For a homogeneous shell, Bhattacharyya and Minwalla were able to study this process analytically using a weak field approximation. Motivated by event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions, we include inhomogeneities in this model, obtaining analytic results in a long wavelength expansion. In the early-time window in which our approximations can be trusted, the resulting evolut…
The Oppenheimer-Snyder model, which describes the gravitational collapse of a ball of dust, can be used to model thermalization of strongly coupled systems using the AdS/CFT-duality. It can be used as an alternative to the previously widely used thin-shell model in the context of holographic thermalization. We solve the dynamics of the Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse in asymptotically AdS space-times and compute the two-point function of a boundary spectator field in the geodesic approximation. As a comparison we perform the same computation in the thin-shell model and discover oscillatory solutio…
Gravitational collapse of a shell of charged dust surrounded by the phantom dark energy is probed by the minimal area surface, which is dual to probe the thermalization in the boundary quantum field by expectation values of Wilson loop in the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence. We investigated mainly the effect of the phantom dark energy parameter and chemical potential on the thermalization. The result shows that the smaller the phantom dark energy parameter is, the easier the plasma thermalizes as the chemical potential is fixed, and the larger the chemical potential is, the harder the …
We study a light-like charged collapsing shell in AdS-Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime, investigating whether the corresponding Vaidya metric is supported by matter that satisfies the null energy condition. We find that, if the absolute value of the charge decreases during the collapse, energy conditions are fulfilled everywhere in spacetime. On the other hand, if the absolute value of the charge increases, the metric does not satisfy energy conditions in the IR region. Therefore, from the gauge/gravity perspective, this last case is only useful to study the thermalization of the UV degrees of fre…
In the spirit of AdS/CFT correspondence, we study the thermalization of a dual conformal field theory to Gauss-Bonnet gravity by modeling a thin-shell of dust that interpolates between a pure AdS and a Gauss-Bonnet AdS black brane. The renormalized geodesic length and minimal area surface, which in the dual conformal field theory correspond to two-point correlation function and expectation value of Wilson loop, are investigated respectively as thermalization probes. The result shows that as the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient increases, the thermalization time decreases for both the thermalization pr…
It is expected that thermalization may be described within gauge/gravity duality by considering time-dependent configurations on the gravity side of the correspondence, for instance a gravitational collapse of a matter configuration in Anti-de Sitter space. As a step towards the ambitious goal of describing such a configuration, we investigate a simple time-dependent toy model in which a mirror moves in the radial direction of Anti-de Sitter space. For this configuration, we establish a procedure for calculating two-point functions of scalar fluctuations, based on a WKB approximation. We test …
The thermalization process of the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) of an annular domain is investigated over the Vaidya-AdS geometry. We numerically determine the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) surface which may be a hemi-torus or two disks, depending on the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius of the annulus. More importantly, for some fixed ratio of two radii, it undergoes a phase transition or double phase transitions from a hemi-torus configuration to a two-disk configuration, or vice versa, during the thermalization. The occurrence of various phase transitions is determi…
Dynamical evolution of thin shells composed by different kinds of degrees of freedom collapsing within asymptotically AdS spaces is explored with the aim of investigating models of holographic thermalization of strongly coupled systems. From the quantum field theory point of view this corresponds to considering different thermal quenches. We carry out a general study of the thermalization time scale using different parameters and space-time dimensions, by calculating renormalized space-like geodesic lengths and rectangular minimal area surfaces as extended probes of thermalization, which are d…
We studied the evolution of Wightman correlator in a thermalizing state modeled by AdS_3-Vaidya background. We gave a prescription for calculating Wightman correlator in coordinate space without using any approximation. For equal-time correlator $\langle O(v,x)O(v,0)\rangle$, we obtained an enhancement factor $v^2$ due to long range correlation present in the initial state. This was missed by previous studies based on geodesic approximation. We found that the long range correlation in initial state does not lead to significant modification to thermalization time as compared to known results wi…
In a holographic approach, the evolution of a 4D strongly coupled non-Abelian plasma towards equilibrium can be studied investigating a 5D gravitational dual. The process driving the plasma out-of-equilibrium can be described by boundary sourcing, a deformation of the boundary metric; the analysis of the late-time dynamics allows to understand how the hydrodynamic regime settles in. We apply the method to a boost-invariant case, considering the effects of different quenches, solving the Einstein equations in the bulk and studying the time-dependence of observables such as the effective tempera…
We perform a numerical study to recognize the difference between various massive potentials in the dRGT massive gravity on the holographic thermalization in the AdS and AdS Gauss-Bonnet gravities. The massive potential in $4+1$ dimensions includes three symmetric polynomial terms which we denote them as $a_1$, $a_2$ and $a_3$ terms. We observe, in the case of time evolution of entanglement entropy that there is a critical size of the entangling surface on the boundary below which both signs of $a_1$ and above the critical size $a_3$ are able to reduce the thermal value of entanglement entropy.…
We study holographic thermalization in spacetimes with a chemical potential and a non-trivial dilaton field. Three non-local observables are used to probe the whole process and investigate the effect of the ratio of the chemical potential over temperature $χ$ and the dilaton-Maxwell coupling constant $α$. It is found that the saturation time is not always a monotonically increasing function of $χ$, the situation depends on $α$. When $0 \leqα\leq 1$, larger $χ$ yields longer saturation time, while for $α>1$, the situation becomes more complex. More interesting, we found that although $α$ indeed…
Recently, a lot of effort has been put into describing the thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma using the gauge/gravity duality. In this context we here present a full numerical solution of the early far-from-equilibrium formation of the plasma, which is expanding radially in the transverse plane and is boost invariant along the collision axis. This can model the early stage of a head-on relativistic heavy ion collision. The resulting momentum distribution quickly reaches local equilibrium, after which they can be evolved using ordinary hydrodynamics. We comment on general implications for…
Black holes in anti-de Sitter (AdS) backgrounds play a pivotal role in the gauge/gravity duality where they determine, among other things, the approach to equilibrium of the dual field theory. We undertake a detailed analysis of perturbed Kerr-AdS black holes in four- and five-dimensional spacetimes, including the computation of its quasinormal modes, hydrodynamic modes and superradiantly unstable modes. Our results shed light on the possibility of new black hole phases with a single Killing field, possible new holographic phenomena and phases in the presence of a rotating chemical potential, …
In this paper we study the propagation of entanglement entropy after a global instantaneous quench on the CFT boundary of AdS bulk. We consider the Gauss-Bonnet model as a higher curvature gravity model for which we correct the RT(HRT) proposal to compute the holographic entanglement entropy(HEE). To obtain an analytical solution we perform an approximation approach which bounds our computations to the small subregions and we compare its thermalization regimes to the result of large subsystem case. We can see tsunami picture where the evolution of entanglement breaks down for the large systems…
Time dependent perturbations of states in the holographic dual of a 3+1 dimensional confining theory are considered. The perturbations are induced by varying the coupling to the theory's most relevant operator. The dual gravitational theory belongs to a class of Einstein-dilaton theories which exhibit a mass gap at zero temperature and a first order deconfining phase transition at finite temperature. The perturbation is realized in various thermal bulk solutions by specifying time dependent boundary conditions on the scalar, and we solve the fully backreacted Einstein-dilaton equations of moti…
We study holographic thermalization of a strongly coupled theory inspired by two colliding shock waves in a vacuum confining background. Holographic thermalization means a black hole formation, in fact a trapped surface formation. As a vacuum confining background we considered a well know bottom-up AdS/QCD model that provides the Cornell potential as well as reproduces QCD beta-function. We perturb vacuum background by colliding domain shock waves, that are assumed to be holographically dual to heavy ions collisions. Our main physical assumption is that we can make a restriction on the time of…
We study the thermalization of a class of 4-dimensional strongly coupled theories dual to a 5-dimensional AdS-Vaidya spacetime with Gauss-Bonnet curvature corrections. We probe the thermalization using the two-point functions, the expectation values of circular Wilson loops and entanglement entropy. When boundary separation is small, we observe that the thermalization times of these observables have the weak dependence on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant $α$. In addition, the growth rate of entanglement entropy density is nearly volume-independent. We also show that a new kind of swallow-tai…
We study the quasinormal modes and non-linear dynamics of a simplified model of semi-holography, which consistently integrates mutually interacting perturbative and strongly coupled holographic degrees of freedom such that the full system has a total conserved energy. We show that the thermalization of the full system can be parametrically slow when the mutual coupling is weak. For typical homogeneous initial states, we find that initially energy is transferred from the black brane to the perturbative sector, later giving way to complete transfer of energy to the black brane at a slow and cons…
We study a simple example of holographic thermalization in a confining field theory: the homogeneous injection of energy in the hard wall model. Working in an amplitude expansion, we find black brane formation for sufficiently fast energy injection and a scattering wave solution for sufficiently slow injection. We comment on our expectations for more sophisticated holographic QCD models.
In this paper we study thermalization in a strongly coupled system via AdS/CFT. Initially, the energy is injected into the system by turning on a spatially homogenous scalar source coupled to a marginal composite operator. The thermalization process is studied by numerically solving Einstein's equations coupled to a massless scalar field in the Poincare patch of AdS_5. We define a thermalization time t_T on the AdS side, which has an interpretation in terms of a spacelike Wilson loop <W(l =1/T)> in CFT. Here T is the thermal equilibrium temperature. We study both cases with the source turned o…
In this paper we study the thermalization of a spatially homogeneous system in a strongly coupled CFT. The non-equilibrium initial state is created by switching on a relevant perturbation in the CFT vacuum during Delta t >= t >= -Delta t. Via AdS/CFT, the thermalization process corresponds to the gravitational collapse of a tachyonic scalar field (m^2 = -3) in the Poincare patch of AdS_5. In the limit Delta t < 0.02/T, the thermalization time t_T is found to be quantitatively the same as that of a non-equilibrium state created by a marginal perturbation discussed in Ref. [5]. In the case Delta…
We study the time evolution of the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation in the $(n+1)-$dimensional Kerr-Newman black hole evaporation by the holographic approach that considering the $(n+1)-$dimensional AdS eternal black brane coupled to the auxiliary CFT reservoir is in the Hartle-Hawking state. The CFT reservoir itself has a holographic dual, the $(n+2)-$dimensional bulk geometry, and the original $(n+1)-$dimensional AdS-black brane is embedded into such bulk manifold, which is precisely Randall-Sundrum model. According to the island rule [1], the entanglement entropy in semi-classical …
AApplying the Born-Infeld Anti de Sitter charged black hole metric we calculate holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) by regarding the proposal of Ryu and Takanayagi. To do so we assume that time dependence of the black hole mass and charge to be as step function. Our work is restricted to small subregions where a collapsing null shell dose not penetrate the black holes horizon. To calculate time dependent HEE we use perturbation method for small subregions where turning point is much smaller than local equilibrium point of black hole. We choose two shape functions for entangled regions on th…
It is interesting to ask how a confinement scale affects the thermalization of strongly coupled gauge theories with gravity duals. We study this question for the AdS soliton model, which underlies top-down holographic models for Yang-Mills theory and QCD. Injecting energy via a homogeneous massless scalar source that is briefly turned on, our fully backreacted numerical analysis finds two regimes. Either a black brane forms, possibly after one or more bounces, after which the pressure components relax according to the lowest quasinormal mode. Or the scalar shell keeps scattering, in which case…
In this paper, we study behaviour of Wilson loops in the boost-invariant nonequilibrium anisotropic quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions within the holographic approach. We describe the thermalization studying the evolution of the Vaidya metric in the boost-invariant and spatially anisotropic background. To probe the system during this process we calculate rectangular Wilson loops oriented in different spatial directions. We find that anisotropic effects are more visible for the Wilson loops lying in the transversal plane unlike the Wilson loops with partially longitudinal orien…
In this paper, based on the fundamental principles of Gauge/gravity duality and considering a \textit{global quench}, we probe the physics of thermalization for a special class of strongly coupled non relativistic QFTs by computing the entanglement entropy of the plasma. The isometry group of such QFTs is comprised of the generators of the Schrödinger algebra which could be precisely realized as an isometry group of the killing generators of an asymptotically Schrödinger $ Dp $ brane space time. In our analysis, we note that during the pre local stages of the thermal equilibrium the entangleme…
We describe the application of pseudo-spectral methods to problems of holographic thermal quenches of relevant couplings in strongly coupled gauge theories. We focus on quenches of a fermionic mass term in a strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma, and the subsequent equilibration of the system. From the dual gravitational perspective, we study the gravitational collapse of a massive scalar field in asymptotically anti-de Sitter geometry with a prescribed boundary condition for its non-normalizable mode. Access to the full background geometry of the gravitational collapse allows …
We investigate black hole formation by a spherically collapsing thin shell of matter in AdS space. This process has been suggested to have a holographic interpretation as thermalization of the CFT on the boundary of the AdS space. The AdS/CFT duality relates the shell in the bulk to an off-equilibrium state of the boundary theory which evolves towards a thermal equilibrium when the shell collapses to a black hole. We use 2-point functions to obtain information about the spectrum of excitations in the off-equilibrium state, and discuss how it characterizes the approach towards thermal equilibri…
Matrix quantum mechanics offers an attractive environment for discussing gravitational holography, in which both sides of the holographic duality are well-defined. Similarly to higher-dimensional implementations of holography, collapsing shell solutions in the gravitational bulk correspond in this setting to thermalization processes in the dual quantum mechanical theory. We construct an explicit, fully nonlinear supergravity solution describing a generic collapsing dilaton shell, specify the holographic renormalization prescriptions necessary for computing the relevant boundary observables, an…
