引力会导致波函数坍缩吗？彭罗斯猜想的检验
Does gravity induce wavefunction collapse? An examination of Penrose's conjecture
摘要：
彭罗斯认为，量子力学的叠加原理和广义相对论的广义协变性原理之间的根本冲突导致了波函数坍缩的存在，例如，两种不同时空几何的量子叠加会由于叠加的时间平移算符的不确定性而坍缩到其中一种。本文认为彭罗斯关于引力在波函数坍缩中的作用的猜想是值得商榷的。首先，冲突的确切性质是什么以及如何解决冲突仍然是一个有争议的问题;其次，彭罗斯的类比论证太弱，无法在波函数坍缩和他所理解的冲突之间建立必要的联系。第三，这种冲突并不必然导致波函数坍缩。因为不同时空几何叠加的冲突或不明确性问题也需要在叠加坍缩完成之前解决，一旦冲突解决，波函数坍缩将失去与冲突相关的物理基础。此外，我们认为，彭罗斯的建议的崩溃时间公式和首选的基础也是有问题的。
英文摘要：
According to Penrose, the fundamental conflict between the superposition principle of quantum mechanics and the principle of general covariance of general relativity entails the existence of wavefunction collapse, e.g. a quantum superposition of two different space-time geometries will collapse to one of them due to the ill-definedness of the time-translation operator for the superposition. In this paper, we argue that Penrose's conjecture on gravity's role in wavefunction collapse is debatable. First of all, it is still a controversial issue what the exact nature of the conflict is and how to resolve it. Secondly, Penrose's argument by analogy is too weak to establish a necessary connection between wavefunction collapse and the conflict as understood by him. Thirdly, the conflict does not necessarily lead to wavefunction collapse. For the conflict or the problem of ill-definedness for a superposition of different space-time geometries also needs to be solved before the collapse of the superposition finishes, and once the conflict has been resolved, the wavefunction collapse will lose its physical basis relating to the conflict. In addition, we argue that Penrose's suggestions for the collapse time formula and the preferred basis are also problematic.
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