We describe the irrotational dust component of the universe in terms of a relativistic gradient expansion and transform the resulting synchronous metric to a Newtonian coordinate system. The two metrics are connected via a space-like displacement field and a time-like perturbation, providing a relativistic generalization of the transformation from Lagrangian to Eulerian coordinates. The relativistic part of the displacement field generates already at initial time a non-local density perturbation at second order. This is a purely relativistic effect since it originates from space-time mixing. We give two options, the passive and the active approach, on how to include the relativistic corrections for example in N-body simulations. In the passive approach we treat the corrections as a non-Gaussian modification of the initial Gaussian field (primordial non-Gaussianity could be incorporated as well). The induced non-Gaussianity depends on scale and the redshift at which initial conditions are set, with f_NL ~ few for small enough scales and redshifts. In the active approach we show how to use the relativistic trajectory to obtain the initial displacement and velocity of particles for N-body simulations without modifying the initial Gaussian field.
Dynamics of Dark Matter in Baryon-Radiation Plasma: Perspectives using Meschersky equation
为了论证冷暗物质在平等和复合时期之间的真正无碰撞性质,我们假设了一个模型,其中强耦合重子辐射等离子体从集中的冷暗物质的小区域中喷出而不失去其平衡。我们使用Meschersky方程来描述冷暗物质在不同质量的强耦合重子辐射等离子体中的动力学。基于这个模型,我们讨论了在金斯理论和膨胀宇宙中冷暗物质中微扰的增长。我们看到了冷暗物质势的扰动对宇宙微波背景各向异性的影响,这些各向异性起源于相等和复合之间的红移,即$1100 < z < z_{eq}$。我们还得到了冷暗物质势扰动下的Sachs-Wolfe效应,即退耦时CMB温度各向异性的表达式。我们得到了类似的解决方案,在静态和膨胀的宇宙,时代的重组。由此,我们推断出暗能量开始占主导地位的时间尺度。
We estimate the changes in solar system tests of general relativity when "dark energy" arises from a Weyl scaling invariant action, using the modified Schwarzschild-like spherically symmetric solution obtained in this case by Adler and Ramazano\vglu. We show that the standard results of general relativity are modified by amounts that are far below current experimental errors. However, because the metric is not conformally flat when the central mass $M$ vanishes, there is a contribution to light deflection proportional to the cosmological constant $Λ$, with opposite sign to the one proportional…
Cold Dark Stars made of self-gravitating fermions in the degenerate limit are constructed in General Relativity and in R-square gravity, $f(R)=R+αR^2$. The properties of the resulting Cold Dark Stars in both theories of gravity are studied. It is found that the same gravitational potential is generated for different election of the parameters of the model, such as the mass of the fermion, the self-interacting strength or the value of $α$, thus, a possible confusion in the determination of the dark matter properties and the favored theory of gravity might arise.
We examine the evolution of non-relativistic cold dark matter gravitationally coupled to baryons with modes deep inside the Hubble radius (sub-horizon regime) using akinetic theory approach within the realm of Newtonian theory. We obtain the general solution for the total density perturbation and we also show that a baryon perturbation catches up with the dark matter perturbation at late times, which in turn makes possible the formation of bound structures. We extend the linear perturbation analysis by considering the turn-around event, the collapse of matter, and its virialization process.
We explore an extended cosmological scenario where the dark matter is an admixture of cold and additional non-cold species. The mass and temperature of the non-cold dark matter particles are extracted from a number of cosmological measurements. Among others, we consider tomographic weak lensing data and Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxy counts. We also study the potential of these scenarios in alleviating the existing tensions between local measurements and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) estimates of the $S_8$ parameter, with $S_8=σ_8\sqrt{Ω_m}$, and of the Hubble constant $H_0$. In principl…
The electroweak axion is identified with the fuzzy dark matter of a mass $m\simeq 10^{-20}$--$10^{-19}\,{\rm eV}$. The model predicts two components of dark matter, one is ultralight and the other is WIMP-like. The Chern-Simons-type interaction between the fuzzy dark matter and photon and the $B+L$ breaking proton decays are predicted.
Feebly Self-Interacting Cold Dark Matter: New theory for the Core-Halo structure in GLSB Galaxies
本文研究了弱自相互作用冷暗物质的低能宇宙动力学,并对大质量LSB(低表面亮度)星系的核晕模型的旋转曲线提出了一个新的简单解释。我们认为冷暗物质具有真正的无碰撞性质,即在相等和复合时期之间的小尺度上存在微弱的自相互作用,为此,我们假设了一个模型,其中强耦合重子辐射等离子体从小区域的冷暗物质中逸出而不失去平衡。利用经典动力学的变质量形式的Merscerskii方程,我们得到了关于CMB各向异性振荡与重子辐射等离子体喷射速度之间的关系的新结果,这些结果为研究CMB第二峰的数值计算提供了有用的工具.在此基础上,我们分别在Jeans理论和牛顿理论中讨论了这种弱自相互作用的冷暗物质中微扰的增长,得到了冷暗物质中分数微扰增长的表达式,该表达式简化为微扰理论在后期复合时期的标准结果.我们看到了冷暗物质势的平均扰动对宇宙微波背景温度各向异性的影响,这些各向异性起源于相等和复合之间的红移,即1100 < z < z_{eq}。我们还得到了Sachs-Wolfe效应的一个表达式,即在冷暗物质势的平均扰动下,在去耦时CMB温度各向异性。
We perform a numerical comparison between the fuzzy dark matter model and the cold dark matter model, focusing on formation of satellite galaxy planes around massive galaxies. Such galactic dynamics with controlled initial subhalo configurations are investigated using GADGET2 for the cold dark matter and PyUltraLight for the fuzzy dark matter, respectively. We demonstrate that satellite galaxies in the fuzzy dark matter side have a tendency to form more flattened and corotating satellite systems than in the cold dark matter side mainly due to the dissipation by the gravitational cooling effect…
Over the last decade, warm dark matter (WDM) has been repeatedly proposed as an alternative scenario to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) one, potentially resolving several disagreements between the CDM model and observations on small scales. Here, we reconsider the most important CDM small-scale discrepancies in the light of recent observational constraints on WDM. As a result, we find that a conventional thermal (or thermal-like) WDM cosmology with a particle mass in agreement with Lyman-$α$ is nearly indistinguishable from CDM on the relevant scales and therefore fails to alleviate any of…
The nature of dark matter (DM) is unknown. One compelling possibility is DM being composed of primordial black holes (PBHs), given the tight limits on some types of elementary particles as DM. There is only one remaining window of masses available for PBHs to constitute the entire DM density, $10^{17} - 10^{23} \mathrm{\; g}$. Here, we show that the kernel population in the cold Kuiper belt rules out this window, arguing in favor of a particle nature for DM.
Cusp-to-core transition in low-mass dwarf galaxies induced by dynamical heating of cold dark matter by primordial black holes
我们进行了一系列高分辨率的$N$体模拟,以研究原始黑洞(PBH)形式的暗物质候选者是否可以解决低质量矮星系的尖核问题。如果低质量矮星系中的暗物质中有一部分由多边星系组成,而其余部分是冷暗物质,那么多边星系对冷暗物质的动力学加热将导致总暗物质轮廓的尖点到核心的转变。该机制适用于25-100 M $_{\sun}$质量窗口的PBH,与LIGO探测结果一致,但需要对总矮星系暗物质含量的1 $\%$的PBH质量分数的下限。尖点到核心的转变时间尺度在1到8 Gyr之间。这个时间尺度也是冷暗物质粒子与多光子带隙之间弛豫时间的常数倍,它取决于多光子带隙的质量、质量分数和初始密度分布的尺度半径。我们的结论是,暗物质的核心自然发生在晕组成的冷暗物质和PBH,而不需要调用重子过程。
Galaxy clusters are good targets for examining our understanding of cosmology. Apart from numerical simulations and gravitational lensing, X-ray observation is the most common and conventional way to analyze the gravitational structures of galaxy clusters. Therefore, it is valuable to have simple analytical relations that can connect the observed distribution of the hot, X-ray emitting gas to the structure of the dark matter in the clusters as derived from simulations. In this article, we apply a simple framework that can analytically connect the hot gas empirical parameters with the standard …
我们提出了一个彻底的讨论轻暗物质通过冻结在二体衰变A -> B DM。如果A和B是准简并的,则即使对于keV质量,暗物质粒子也具有冷谱。我们通过计算编码对结构形成的影响的传递函数明确地表明了这一点。作为这种设置的例子,我们研究了扩展的跷跷板机制与一个自发破缺的全球U(1)对称性,如逆跷跷板。keV量级的伪戈德斯通暗物质粒子是由准简并右手中微子衰变产生的。
We propose a decaying cold dark matter model to explain the excess of electron recoil observed at the XENON1T experiment. In this scenario, the daughter dark matter from the parent dark matter decay easily obtains velocity large enough to saturate the peak of the electron recoil energy around 2.5 keV, and the observed signal rate can be fulfilled by the parent dark matter with a mass of order 10-200 MeV and a lifetime larger than the age of Universe. We verify that this model is consistent with experimental limits from dark matter detections, Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structu…
The distinctive effects of fuzzy dark matter are most visible at non-linear galactic scales. We present the first simulations of mixed fuzzy and cold dark matter, obtained with an extended version of the Nyx code. Fuzzy (or ultralight, or axion-like) dark matter dynamics are governed by the comoving Schrödinger-Poisson equation. This is evolved with a pseudospectral algorithm on the root grid, and with finite differencing at up to six levels of adaptive refinement. Cold dark matter is evolved with the existing N-body implementation in Nyx. We present the first investigations of spherical colla…