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arXiv 1304.0199astro-ph.GA
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沿M33(HerM33es)主轴的气体和尘埃冷却:ISO/LWS CII观测

Gas and dust cooling along the major axis of M33 (HerM33es): ISO/LWS CII observations

C. Kramer, J. Abreu-Vicente, S. Garcia-Burillo, M. Relano, S. Aalto, M. Boquien, J. Braine, C. Buchbender, P. Gratier, F. P. Israel, T. Nikola, M. Roellig, S. V… 展开作者

C. Kramer, J. Abreu-Vicente, S. Garcia-Burillo, M. Relano, S. Aalto, M. Boquien, J. Braine, C. Buchbender, P. Gratier, F. P. Israel, T. Nikola, M. Roellig, S. Verley, P. van der Werf, E. M. Xilouris

摘要:

我们的目标是通过在280 pc尺度下观察本星系群螺旋星系M33的低金属丰度环境中158 μ m处的突出气体冷却线[CII]来更好地了解气体的加热。特别是,我们的目的是描述的光电加热效率与银河系环境的变化。利用ISO/LWS [CII]观测资料,结合Herschel PACS和SPIRE连续谱图、IRAM 30 mCO 2-1和VLA HI资料,研究了M33长轴上速度积分强度的变化。[CII]发射的远红外连续的比率被用来作为一个代理的加热效率,和模型的光子占主导地位的地区被用来研究当地的物理密度,FUV辐射场,和平均柱密度的分子云。在星系内部4.5kpc的半径内,加热效率保持在0.8%不变,在大约6 kpc径向距离的外围,加热效率开始增加,达到~3%。在PDR模型的框架下,通过降低体积密度和FUV场来解释效率的提高,对于在恒定金属丰度下仅几个量级的光学反射。考虑到来自PDR的HI发射的重要部分,以及在银河系冷中性介质(CNM)中发现的HI发射跟踪的典型压力,CNM对M33内部2kpc半径内观察到的[CII]发射贡献约15%。在南部,CNM的贡献在很大程度上仍未确定,而在M33北部2至7.3kpc径向距离之间的位置显示出约40%+-20%的贡献。

英文摘要:

We aim to better understand the heating of the gas by observing the prominent gas cooling line [CII] at 158um in the low-metallicity environment of the Local Group spiral galaxy M33 at scales of 280pc. In particular, we aim at describing the variation of the photoelectric heating efficiency with galactic environment. In this unbiased study, we used ISO/LWS [CII] observations along the major axis of M33, in combination with Herschel PACS and SPIRE continuum maps, IRAM 30m CO 2-1 and VLA HI data to study the variation of velocity integrated intensities. The ratio of [CII] emission over the far-infrared continuum is used as a proxy for the heating efficiency, and models of photon-dominated regions are used to study the local physical densities, FUV radiation fields, and average column densities of the molecular clouds. The heating efficiency stays constant at 0.8% in the inner 4.5kpc radius of the galaxy where it starts to increase to reach values of ~3% in the outskirts at about 6kpc radial distance. The rise of efficiency is explained in the framework of PDR models by lowered volume densities and FUV fields, for optical extinctions of only a few magnitudes at constant metallicity. In view of the significant fraction of HI emission stemming from PDRs, and for typical pressures found in the Galactic cold neutral medium (CNM) traced by HI emission, the CNM contributes ~15% to the observed [CII] emission in the inner 2kpc radius of M33. The CNM contribution remains largely undetermined in the south, while positions between 2 and 7.3kpc radial distance in the north of M33 show a contribution of ~40%+-20%.

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