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arXiv 1303.4392astro-ph.CO
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复杂性背后的规律性:在质量-恒星形成率平面内星系尺度分子气体性质连续变化的红移无关描述

Regularity underlying complexity: a redshift-independent description of the continuous variation of galaxy-scale molecular gas properties in the mass-star formation rate plane

Mark T. Sargent, E. Daddi, M. Béthermin, H. Aussel, G. Magdis, H. S. Hwang, S. Juneau, D. Elbaz, E. da Cunha

摘要:

恒星形成星系(SFG)的比恒星形成率(sSFR)呈连续分布,可以近似为两个对数正态分布的叠加。其中第一个包括SFG的主序(MS),第二个是一个罕见的星群(SB)。我们表明,sSFR分布的SB可以被看作是一个物理过程(合并)的结果,采取数学形式的对数正态提升内核和增强恒星形成活动。我们探索的效用分裂成MS和SB星系的恒星形成人口-一种方法,我们术语“2星形成模式”(2-SFM)框架-了解他们的分子气体性质。恒星形成效率(SFE)和SFG之间的气体分数的变化采取一个简单的,红移无关的形式,一旦这些量被归一化的平均MS星系的值。在SFE的星系经历一个星爆事件的规模超线性的SFR增加,预期合并的变化。这意味着施密特-肯尼库特平面上的星系分布是连续的,它比在SFR与M* 空间中观察到的更清楚地分离成SB和正常星系的轨迹。与MS偏差最大(>10倍)的SB,像许多本地ULIRG一样,不是平均SB,而是更罕见的事件,其祖先具有比典型MS星系更大的气体分数。我们从统计学上推断,典型SB的气体分数相对于它们的直接MS祖细胞减少了2到3倍,正如预期的那样发生在短期的SFR增强过程中,在此过程中,内部气体储层的排出速度比气体从宇宙网中吸积的速度更快。我们预测的变化的CO到H2的转换因子在SFR-M* 平面,并提供证据表明,更高的sSFR遥远的星系是在这些系统中的气体分数较大的直接后果。

英文摘要:

Star-forming galaxies (SFGs) display a continuous distribution of specific star formation rates (sSFR) which can be approximated by the superposition of two log-normal distributions. The 1st of these encompasses the main sequence (MS) of SFGs, the 2nd one a rarer population of starbursts (SB). We show that the sSFR-distribution of SBs can be regarded as the result of a physical process (plausibly merging) taking the mathematical form of a log-normal boosting kernel and enhancing star formation activity. We explore the utility of splitting the star-forming population into MS and SB galaxies - an approach we term "2-Star Formation Mode" (2-SFM) framework - for understanding their molecular gas properties. Variations of star formation efficiency (SFE) and gas fractions among SFGs take a simple, redshift-independent form, once these quantities are normalized to the value of an average MS galaxy. The change in SFE for galaxies undergoing a starburst event scales supra-linearly with the SFR-increase, as expected for mergers. This implies a continuous distribution of galaxies in the Schmidt-Kennicutt plane that separates more clearly into loci for SBs and normal galaxies than observed in SFR vs. M* space. SBs with the largest deviations (>10-fold) from the MS, like many local ULIRGs, are not average SBs, but even rarer events with progenitors having larger gas fractions than typical MS galaxies. We statistically infer that the gas fractions of typical SBs decrease by a factor of 2 to 3 with respect to their direct MS progenitors, as expected to occur in short-term SFR-boosts during which internal gas reservoirs are drained more quickly than gas is accreted from the cosmic web. We predict variations of the CO-to-H2 conversion factor in the SFR-M* plane and provide evidence that the higher sSFR of distant galaxies is a direct consequence of larger gas fraction in these systems.

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