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arXiv 1303.2071cs.CVcs.AI
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智能的SP理论在理解自然视觉和发展计算机视觉中的应用

Application of the SP theory of intelligence to the understanding of natural vision and the development of computer vision

J. Gerard Wolff

摘要:

智能的SP理论旨在简化和整合计算和认知中的概念,信息压缩是一个统一的主题。本文讨论了如何将其应用于自然视觉的理解和计算机视觉的发展。这个理论在其他地方有相当充分的描述,在这里只是概述,但有足够的细节来确保文章的其余部分有意义。可以通过以与用于信息压缩的行程长度编码技术相当的方式提取均匀区域中的冗余来识别诸如边缘或拐角的低级感知特征。SP理论中的多重对齐的概念可以应用于对象的识别,以及景物分析,具有部分和子部分的层次结构,并且处于多个抽象级别。该理论具有潜在的无监督学习的视觉对象和类的对象,并建议如何连贯的概念可能来自片段。与自然视觉一样,SP系统中的识别和学习在面对遗漏、委托和替换错误时是鲁棒的。该理论表明,通过视觉,我们可以拼凑出物体和我们环境的三维结构的知识,它提供了一个解释,我们如何看到图像中不客观存在的东西,以及我们如何识别尽管视网膜图像大小不同的东西。它还谈到了亮度恒定性和颜色恒定性的现象,语境在识别中的作用,以及视觉感知中的模糊性。SP理论的一个优点是它提供了视觉与其他感觉形式和智力的其他方面的整合。

英文摘要:

The SP theory of intelligence aims to simplify and integrate concepts in computing and cognition, with information compression as a unifying theme. This article discusses how it may be applied to the understanding of natural vision and the development of computer vision. The theory, which is described quite fully elsewhere, is described here in outline but with enough detail to ensure that the rest of the article makes sense. Low level perceptual features such as edges or corners may be identified by the extraction of redundancy in uniform areas in a manner that is comparable with the run-length encoding technique for information compression. The concept of multiple alignment in the SP theory may be applied to the recognition of objects, and to scene analysis, with a hierarchy of parts and sub-parts, and at multiple levels of abstraction. The theory has potential for the unsupervised learning of visual objects and classes of objects, and suggests how coherent concepts may be derived from fragments. As in natural vision, both recognition and learning in the SP system is robust in the face of errors of omission, commission and substitution. The theory suggests how, via vision, we may piece together a knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of objects and of our environment, it provides an account of how we may see things that are not objectively present in an image, and how we recognise something despite variations in the size of its retinal image. And it has things to say about the phenomena of lightness constancy and colour constancy, the role of context in recognition, and ambiguities in visual perception. A strength of the SP theory is that it provides for the integration of vision with other sensory modalities and with other aspects of intelligence.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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