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arXiv 1302.6280cond-mat.stat-mech
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过冷水的导热系数

Thermal Conductivity of Supercooled Water

John W. Biddle, Vincent Holten, Jan V. Sengers, Mikhail A. Anisimov

摘要:

过冷水的热容量,测量到-37 °C,显示出随着温度降低而异常增加。热扩散系数,即。例如,热导率和单位体积热容的比率显示出降低。这些异常可能与一个假设的液-液临界点在过冷水低于线的均匀成核。然而,虽然导热系数已知在汽液临界点处由于临界密度波动而发散,但过冷水的导热系数(计算为热扩散率和热容的乘积)并未显示出任何异常迹象。我们已经使用模式耦合理论来研究临界涨落对过冷水的热导率的可能影响,并发现在实验可达到的温度下,任何临界热导率的增强确实太小而无法测量。此外,热导率的行为可以解释所观察到的异常的热力学性质。特别是,我们表明,热导率应通过一个最小值,随着温度的降低,库马尔和斯坦利观察到的水的TIP 5 P模型。讨论了水在汽液临界点和液液临界点附近导热系数行为差异的物理原因。

英文摘要:

The heat capacity of supercooled water, measured down to -37 °C, shows an anomalous increase as temperature decreases. The thermal diffusivity, i. e., the ratio of the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity per unit volume, shows a decrease. These anomalies may be associated with a hypothetical liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water below the line of homogeneous nucleation. However, while the thermal conductivity is known to diverge at the vapor-liquid critical point due to critical density fluctuations, the thermal conductivity of supercooled water, calculated as the product of thermal diffusivity and heat capacity, does not show any sign of such an anomaly. We have used mode-coupling theory to investigate the possible effect of critical fluctuations on the thermal conductivity of supercooled water, and found that indeed any critical thermal-conductivity enhancement would be too small to be measurable at experimentally accessible temperatures. Moreover, the behavior of thermal conductivity can be explained by the observed anomalies of the thermodynamic properties. In particular, we show that thermal conductivity should go through a minimum as temperature is decreased, as Kumar and Stanley observed in the TIP5P model of water. We discuss physical reasons for the striking difference between the behavior of thermal conductivity in water near the vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid critical points.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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