原子气体中光学克尔效应和Cotton-Mouton效应的量子统计研究
Optical Kerr and Cotton-Mouton effects in atomic gases: a quantum-statistical study
摘要：
本文阐述了在静电场（光学克尔效应）和磁场（Cotton-Mouton效应）作用下，原子反磁性稀气体折射率双折射的理论。第二克尔和棉花-穆顿维里系数，有效的低温和高温制度的量子统计表达式，推导。结果表明，这两个维里系数可以严格相关的热力学（压力）维里系数相对于平行和垂直偏振的非共振光场的强度和相对于外部静态（电或磁）场的四阶导数的差异。半经典扩展的克尔和棉花-穆顿系数也被认为是，量子校正，并包括第二阶推导。本文计算了不同温度下氦-4气体的第二克尔维里系数和Cotton-Mouton维里系数。量子力学效应的作用和半经典展开的收敛性质进行了讨论。理论结果与现有的实验数据进行了比较。
英文摘要：
Theory of the birefringence of the refractive index in atomic diamagnetic dilute gases in the presence of static electric (optical Kerr effect) and magnetic (Cotton-Mouton effect) fields is formulated. Quantum-statistical expressions for the second Kerr and Cotton-Mouton virial coefficients, valid both in the low and high temperature regimes, are derived. It is shown that both virial coefficients can rigorously be related to the difference of the fourth derivatives of the thermodynamic (pressure) virial coefficient with respect to the strength of the non-resonant optical fields with parallel and perpendicular polarizations and with respect to the external static (electric or magnetic) field. Semiclassical expansions of the Kerr and Cotton-Mouton coefficients are also considered, and quantum corrections up to and including the second order are derived. Calculations of the second Kerr and Cotton-Mouton virial coefficients of the helium-4 gas at various temperatures are reported. The role of the quantum-mechanical effects and the convergence properties of the semiclassical expansions are discussed. Theoretical results are compared with the available experimental data.
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