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arXiv 1302.5902quant-ph
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纠缠和不确定性之间的平等

An equality between entanglement and uncertainty

Mario Berta, Patrick J. Coles, Stephanie Wehner

摘要:

海森堡的不确定原理意味着,如果一方(爱丽丝)准备了一个系统,并随机测量两个不相容的可观测量之一,那么另一方(鲍勃)不能完美地预测测量结果。这一推论假设鲍勃不拥有一个与被测系统纠缠的额外系统;事实上,爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森的开创性论文(EPR)表明,最大纠缠允许鲍勃完美地赢得这个猜谜游戏。EPR和海森伯的观察虽然并不矛盾,但说明了纠缠和不确定性之间相互作用的两个极端情况。一方面,没有纠缠意味着鲍勃的预测必须显示一些不确定性。然而另一方面,最大纠缠意味着根本没有更多的不确定性。在这里,我们遵循一个操作的方法,并给出一个确切的关系-一个等式-之间的不确定性的猜测概率测量的量,和纠缠的量测量的可恢复的纠缠保真度。从这个平等,我们推导出一个简单的标准,证明二部纠缠和一个新的纠缠一夫一妻制的平等。

英文摘要:

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle implies that if one party (Alice) prepares a system and randomly measures one of two incompatible observables, then another party (Bob) cannot perfectly predict the measurement outcomes. This implication assumes that Bob does not possess an additional system that is entangled to the measured one; indeed the seminal paper of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) showed that maximal entanglement allows Bob to perfectly win this guessing game. Although not in contradiction, the observations made by EPR and Heisenberg illustrate two extreme cases of the interplay between entanglement and uncertainty. On the one hand, no entanglement means that Bob's predictions must display some uncertainty. Yet on the other hand, maximal entanglement means that there is no more uncertainty at all. Here we follow an operational approach and give an exact relation - an equality - between the amount of uncertainty as measured by the guessing probability, and the amount of entanglement as measured by the recoverable entanglement fidelity. From this equality we deduce a simple criterion for witnessing bipartite entanglement and a novel entanglement monogamy equality.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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