软组织的弯曲不稳定性
Bending instabilities of soft tissues
摘要：
橡胶部件和软组织在“使用中”经常会受到较大的弯曲变形。弯曲块体内表面上的圆周线元在分叉和轴向折痕出现之前可以收缩到某一临界拉伸比λ_cr。对于用于描述橡胶的几个模型，发现λ_cr = 0.56，允许44%的收缩。对于用于描述动脉的模型，令人惊讶的是，发现应变硬化效应促进了不稳定性。例如，用于70岁人的动脉的模型预测λ_cr = 0.73，仅允许27%的收缩。在猪皮上进行的拉伸实验表明，弯曲不稳定性应该发生得更早。
英文摘要：
Rubber components and soft tissues are often subjected to large bending deformations "in service". The circumferential line elements on the inner face of a bent block can contract up to a certain critical stretch ratio lambda_cr (say) before bifurcation occurs and axial creases appear. For several models used to describe rubber, it is found that lambda_cr = 0.56, allowing for a 44% contraction. For models used to describe arteries it is found, somewhat surprisingly, that the strain-stiffening effect promotes instability. For example, the models used for the artery of a 70 year old human predict that lambda_cr = 0.73, allowing only for a 27% contraction. Tensile experiments conducted on pig skin indicate that bending instabilities should occur even earlier there.
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