复层上皮的形态不稳定性：肿瘤形成中的一种力学不稳定性
Morphological instabilities of stratified epithelia: a mechanical instability in tumour formation
摘要：
复层上皮与其支持间质之间的界面通常呈现不规则形状。起伏在发育不良组织中特别明显，并且通常在癌中演变成长的指状突起。在先前的工作（Basan等人，物理修订信函106，158101（2011）），我们证明了由上皮细胞更新引起的恒定流动引起的粘性剪切应力引起的不稳定性可以驱动这种现象。虽然两种组织之间的界面张力以及基质的机械阻力倾向于保持平坦的界面，但是对于足够大的粘度、细胞分裂速率和上皮中分裂区域的厚度，会发生不稳定性。在这里，这项工作的扩展，上皮细胞分裂耦合到局部浓度的营养物质或生长因子从基质扩散。这通过类似于晶体生长的单扩散过程中的Mullins-Sekerka不稳定性的机制增强了不稳定性。此外，我们提出的粘弹性基质的广义情况下的不稳定性。
英文摘要：
Interfaces between stratified epithelia and their supporting stromas commonly exhibit irregular shapes. Undulations are particularly pronounced in dysplastic tissues and typically evolve into long, finger-like protrusions in carcinomas. In a previous work (Basan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 158101 (2011)), we demonstrated that an instability arising from viscous shear stresses caused by the constant flow due to cell turnover in the epithelium could drive this phenomenon. While interfacial tension between the two tissues as well as mechanical resistance of the stroma tend to maintain a flat interface, an instability occurs for sufficiently large viscosity, cell-division rate and thickness of the dividing region in the epithelium. Here, extensions of this work are presented, where cell division in the epithelium is coupled to the local concentration of nutrients or growth factors diffusing from the stroma. This enhances the instability by a mechanism similar to that of the Mullins-Sekerka instability in single-diffusion processes of crystal growth. We furthermore present the instability for the generalized case of a viscoelastic stroma.
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