无线Ad Hoc网络中协同黑洞攻击的检测
Detection of Cooperative Black Hole Attack in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
摘要：
移动自组织网络（MANET）是一个自治节点的集合，这些节点通过形成多跳无线电网络并以分散的方式保持连接来相互通信。由于这些网络具有开放介质、动态变化的拓扑结构、依赖于协作算法、缺乏集中监控点以及缺乏明确的防线等特点，安全性仍然是其面临的主要挑战。保护移动自组网的网络层免受恶意攻击是一个重要且具有挑战性的安全问题，因为大多数移动自组网的路由协议都容易受到各种类型的攻击。按需距离矢量路由（AODV）是一种非常流行的路由算法。然而，它容易受到众所周知的黑洞攻击，其中恶意节点在路由发现过程中错误地丢弃到目的地节点的良好路径，但在数据转发阶段丢弃所有数据包。当一组恶意节点相互合作时，这种攻击变得更加严重。所提出的机制不应用任何加密原语的路由消息。相反，它通过检测和响应节点的恶意活动来保护网络。仿真结果表明，该方案具有较高的检测率，适度的网络流量开销和节点的计算开销。
英文摘要：
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connections in a decentralized manner. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Protecting the network layer of a MANET from malicious attacks is an important and challenging security issue, since most of the routing protocols for MANETs are vulnerable to various types of attacks. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) is a very popular routing algorithm. However, it is vulnerable to the well-known black hole attack, where a malicious node falsely advertises good paths to a destination node during the route discovery process but drops all packets in the data forwarding phase. This attack becomes more severe when a group of malicious nodes cooperate each other. The proposed mechanism does not apply any cryptographic primitives on the routing messages. Instead, it protects the network by detecting and reacting to malicious activities of the nodes. Simulation results show that the scheme has a significantly high detection rate with moderate network traffic overhead and computation overhead in the nodes.
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