热接触I：交换熵变化决定的对称性
Thermal Contact I : Symmetries ruled by Exchange Entropy Variations
摘要：
热接触是非平衡过程的原型，它是由储存器交换守恒微观量所施加的恒定非平衡约束所驱动的。在具有有限数目的可能构型的模型中，如果微观动力学被假设为确定性的、遍历的，并且根据某些特定的模式来保持能量，并且如果全局系统的介观演化尽可能地近似为马尔可夫过程，则介观跃迁速率服从三个约束。在宏观物体可以被认为是处于热力学平衡（但具有不同的强度参数）的水库的极限中，第三个约束变成了修正的细致平衡（MDB）;后者一般用微观交换熵变表示。我们调查的可测量的数量，从MDB约束的一般统计特性。对于一个有限的时间演化后，系统准备在平衡态已设置在接触恒温器在不同的温度下，我们推导出详细的涨落关系的过剩交换熵变。在非平衡定态（长时间限制），适当的数学定义的大偏差函数的引入与替代的定义，并重新推导波动关系。明确地将其推广到具有多个储层的能量、体积和物质交换系统，且接触系统上可能有保守外力作用。每单位时间内交换量的任何奇累积量的无限时间极限表示在一个系列，涉及更高的偶累积量和权力的热力学力与独立的平均电流。
英文摘要：
Thermal contact is the archetype of non-equilibrium processes driven by constant non-equilibrium constraints enforced by reservoirs exchanging conserved microscopic quantities. In models with a finite number of possible configurations, if the microscopic dynamics is assumed to be deterministic and ergodic and to conserve energy according to some specific pattern, and if the mesoscopic evolution of the global system is approximated by a Markov process as closely as possible, then the mesoscopic transition rates obey three constraints. In the limit where macroscopic bodies can be considered as reservoirs at thermodynamic equilibrium (but with different intensive parameters) the third constraint becomes modified detailed balance (MDB) ; the latter is generically expressed in terms of the microscopic exchange entropy variation. We investigate the generic statistical properties for measurable quantities that arise from the MDB constraint. For a finite-time evolution after the system prepared in an equilibrium state has been set in contact with thermostats at different temperatures, we derive a detailed fluctuation relation for the excess exchange entropy variation. In the non-equilibrium stationary state (long-time limit), the proper mathematical definition of a large deviation function is introduced together with alternative definitions, and fluctuation relations are rederived. The generalization to systems exchanging energy, volume and matter with several reservoirs, with a possible conservative external force acting on the contact system, is given explicitly. The infinite time limit of any odd cumulant per unit time of exchanged quantities is expressed in terms of a series involving higher even cumulants and powers of the thermodynamic forces associated to independent mean currents.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
