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arXiv 1302.4384cs.DLphysics.soc-ph
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重新审视引文影响:新的影响措施如何反映地方和全球层面的跨学科和结构变化

Citation impacts revisited: how novel impact measures reflect interdisciplinarity and structural change at the local and global level

Michel Zitt, Jean-Philippe Cointet

摘要:

几十年来,引文网络为科学评价、科学制图(以及最近的大规模网络研究)提供了大量的工作。跨学科领域的引文行为多样性既是科学社会学的研究课题,也是科学评价的难题。标准化,相当于一个特定的权重的链接在引文网络,是必要的,允许跨领域的比较引文分数和跨学科的研究。除了经典的标准化,大大减少了所有的变异因素,在最近几年出现了两个轨道的研究。其一是迭代“影响力测量”的复兴。二是“引用侧”规范化,其唯一目的是控制主要变异因素--引用倾向的不平等,让其他方面发挥作用:知识输出/输入和增长。当所有变量都定义在同一领域水平时,建立了两个命题:(a)总影响力度量等同于相对增长率,引文交换总量平衡和相对参考文献数量的乘积;(b)归一化影响力等同于相对增长率和归一化平衡的乘积。在科学层面上,增长率在不同领域的变化是系统变化的代表,而平衡的变化是跨学科依赖性的度量。这开辟了一个新的视角,其中标准化影响的方差以及相关的度量,这些方差的总和被提议作为变化交换指标,总结了科学结构和动态的重要方面。基于十年的数据的结果进行了讨论。还简要讨论了归一化冲击随尺度变化的行为。

英文摘要:

Citation networks have fed numerous works in scientific evaluation, science mapping (and more recently large-scale network studies) for decades. The variety of citation behavior across scientific fields is both a research topic in sociology of science, and a problem in scientific evaluation. Normalization, tantamount to a particular weighting of links in the citation network, is necessary for allowing across-field comparisons of citation scores and interdisciplinary studies. In addition to classical normalization which drastically reduces all variability factors altogether, two tracks of research have emerged in the recent years. One is the revival of iterative "influence measures". The second is the "citing-side" normalization, whose only purpose is to control for the main factor of variability, the inequality in citing propensity, letting other aspects play: knowledge export/imports and growth. When all variables are defined at the same field-level, two propositions are established: (a) the gross impact measure identifies with the product of relative growth rate, gross balance of citation exchanges, and relative number of references (b) the normalized impact identifies with the product of relative growth rate and normalized balance. At the science level, the variance of growth rate over domains is a proxy for change in the system, and the variance of balance a measure of inter-disciplinary dependences. This opens a new perspective, where the resulting variance of normalized impact, and a related measure, the sum of these variances proposed as a Change-Exchange Indicator, summarize important aspects of science structure and dynamism. Results based on a decade's data are discussed. The behavior of normalized impact according to scale changes is also briefly discussed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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