波动流动角和各向异性流动测量
Fluctuating flow angles and anisotropic flow measurements
摘要：
在相对论重离子碰撞中产生的火球的初始密度分布中的逐事件波动导致最终各向异性流角的逐事件波动，并且初始状态中的密度不均匀性导致这些流角随发射粒子的横向动量而变化。结果表明，这些影响导致特征不同的横向动量依赖性从不同的实验方法提取的各向异性流动系数。这些差异可用于实验约束流角波动的最终状态的重离子碰撞，反过来，是敏感的初始状态的密度波动和剪切粘度的膨胀火球介质。
英文摘要：
Event-by-event fluctuations in the initial density distributions of the fireballs created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions lead to event-by-event fluctuations of the final anisotropic flow angles, and density inhomogeneities in the initial state cause these flow angles to vary with the transverse momentum of the emitted particles. It is shown that these effects lead to characteristically different transverse momentum dependencies for anisotropic flow coefficients extracted from different experimental methods. These differences can be used to experimentally constrain flow angle fluctuations in the final state of heavy-ion collisions which, in turn, are sensitive to the initial state density fluctuations and the shear viscosity of the expanding fireball medium.
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