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arXiv 1302.3418astro-ph.IM
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用射电干涉阵列探测快速瞬变

Detection of fast transients with radio interferometric arrays

N. D. R. Bhat, J. N. Chengalur, P. J. Cox, Y. Gupta, J. Prasad, J. Roy, M. Bailes, S. Burke-Spolaor, S. S. Kudale, W. van Straten

摘要:

下一代无线电阵列,包括平方公里阵列(SKA)及其探路者,将为无线电波长的瞬态科学开辟新的途径。他们的创新设计,包括大量的小元素,在数字处理和最佳观测策略提出了一些挑战。巨型米波射电望远镜(GMRT)提供了一个很好的测试平台,用于开发和验证未来阵列瞬态实验的合适观测模式和策略。在这里,我们描述的第一阶段的瞬态检测系统的GMRT计划最终在一个与其他观测程序的并行模式下运行的持续发展。它利用了GMRT的干涉仪和子阵列功能,以及新软件后端的多功能性。我们概述了在规划和设计的瞬态勘探计划与干涉阵列的考虑,并描述了一个试点调查,进行援助的算法和相关的分析软件的开发。该调查是在325和610 MHz进行的,覆盖了天空的360度$^2$,停留时间很短。它提供了大量的真实数据,可用于测试适用于瞬态检测的各种算法和观察策略的有效性。我们提出的例子,说明检测短时间的瞬变,包括使用子阵列的更高的弹性,以虚假的事件的陆地起源,通过成像和使用的相控阵列的改进的信号检测和确认的候选事件的本地化的方法。除了展示干涉阵列在快速瞬态探测中的应用外,我们的努力标志着SKA时代科学路线图的重要步骤。

英文摘要:

Next-generation radio arrays, including the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its pathfinders, will open up new avenues for exciting transient science at radio wavelengths. Their innovative designs, comprising a large number of small elements, pose several challenges in digital processing and optimal observing strategies. The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) presents an excellent test-bed for developing and validating suitable observing modes and strategies for transient experiments with future arrays. Here we describe the first phase of the ongoing development of a transient detection system for GMRT that is planned to eventually function in a commensal mode with other observing programs. It capitalizes on the GMRT's interferometric and sub-array capabilities, and the versatility of a new software backend. We outline considerations in the plan and design of transient exploration programs with interferometric arrays, and describe a pilot survey that was undertaken to aid in the development of algorithms and associated analysis software. This survey was conducted at 325 and 610 MHz, and covered 360 deg$^2$ of the sky with short dwell times. It provides large volumes of real data that can be used to test the efficacies of various algorithms and observing strategies applicable for transient detection. We present examples that illustrate the methodologies of detecting short-duration transients, including the use of sub-arrays for higher resilience to spurious events of terrestrial origin, localization of candidate events via imaging and the use of a phased array for improved signal detection and confirmation. In addition to demonstrating applications of interferometric arrays for fast transient exploration, our efforts mark important steps in the roadmap toward SKA-era science.

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