道路网络的交通相态
The Traffic Phases of Road Networks
AI总结：
通过分析道路网络的平均交通流与车辆密度关系（2D交通基本图），识别出四个主要相态，并利用广义特征值计算、临界回路分析及交通灯控制策略优化交通性能。
摘要：
我们研究了道路网络的平均交通流与车辆密度之间的关系，称之为2D交通基本图。我们表明该图主要呈现四个相态。我们分析了不同情况。首先，介绍了采用优先规则管理的交叉口情况，识别并描述了四个交通相态，并通过计算系统动力学的广义特征值获得了基本图的良好解析近似。然后，将模型扩展到两个交叉口的情况，最后扩展到规则城市。系统仍然主要呈现四个相态。在两个交叉口情况下，非优先道路的临界回路的作用清晰可见。在第4节中，我们使用交通灯控制来改善交通图。我们展示了通过开环、局部反馈和全局反馈策略获得的改进。还给出了基于达到稳态响应时间的比较。最后，我们展示了交叉口设计的重要性。结果表明，如果交叉口足够大，交通几乎不会因交叉口而减速。
英文摘要：
We study the relation between the average traffic flow and the vehicle density on road networks that we call 2D-traffic fundamental diagram. We show that this diagram presents mainly four phases. We analyze different cases. First, the case of a junction managed with a priority rule is presented, four traffic phases are identified and described, and a good analytic approximation of the fundamental diagram is obtained by computing a generalized eigenvalue of the dynamics of the system. Then, the model is extended to the case of two junctions, and finally to a regular city. The system still presents mainly four phases. The role of a critical circuit of non-priority roads appears clearly in the two junctions case. In Section 4, we use traffic light controls to improve the traffic diagram. We present the improvements obtained by open-loop, local feedback, and global feedback strategies. A comparison based on the response times to reach the stationary regime is also given. Finally, we show the importance of the design of the junction. It appears that if the junction is enough large, the traffic is almost not slowed down by the junction.
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