用I型In超新星照亮原始宇宙
Illuminating the Primeval Universe with Type IIn Supernovae
摘要：
对Pop III超新星的探测可以首次直接探测原始IMF，揭示第一个星系的性质，早期的化学浓缩和再电离，以及超大质量黑洞的种子。越来越多的证据表明，一些Pop III恒星的质量小于100个太阳质量，这可能会使它们的探测前景变得复杂，因为即使它们的数量更多，它们也会以核心坍缩超新星的形式死亡，其亮度远远低于对不稳定爆炸。如果SN激波与之前猛烈的LBV型喷发过程中喷出的致密拱星壳碰撞，这幅图像将大大改善。这样的碰撞甚至可以将昏暗的SNe变成非常明亮的SNe，其亮度可以与对不稳定的SNe相媲美。我们目前的模拟流行III型IIn SN光变曲线和光谱进行的洛斯阿拉莫斯的ESTA和SPECTRUM代码。考虑到早期宇宙的莱曼α吸收和宇宙学红移，我们发现，用JWST和WFIRST观测到的40太阳质量的Pop III型I In SNe在z ~ 20和z ~ 7都是可见的。因此，即使是低质量的Pop III SNe也可以用来探测原始宇宙。
英文摘要：
The detection of Pop III supernovae could directly probe the primordial IMF for the first time, unveiling the properties of the first galaxies, early chemical enrichment and reionization, and the seeds of supermassive black holes. Growing evidence that some Pop III stars were less massive than 100 solar masses may complicate prospects for their detection, because even though they would have been more plentiful they would have died as core-collapse supernovae, with far less luminosity than pair-instability explosions. This picture greatly improves if the SN shock collides with a dense circumstellar shell ejected during a prior violent LBV type eruption. Such collisions can turn even dim SNe into extremely bright ones whose luminosities can rival those of pair-instability SNe. We present simulations of Pop III Type IIn SN light curves and spectra performed with the Los Alamos RAGE and SPECTRUM codes. Taking into account Lyman-alpha absorption in the early universe and cosmological redshifting, we find that 40 solar mass Pop III Type IIn SNe will be visible out to z ~ 20 with JWST and out to z ~ 7 with WFIRST. Thus, even low mass Pop III SNe can be used to probe the primeval universe.
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