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arXiv 1302.0124astro-ph.GA
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银河系中心云G2起源和命运的模拟

Simulations of the origin and fate of the Galactic Center cloud G2

M. Schartmann, A. Burkert, Ch. Alig, S. Gillessen, R. Genzel, F. Eisenhauer, T. Fritz, A. Ballone

摘要:

我们调查的起源和最近发现的气体云G2靠近银河系中心的命运。我们的流体动力学模拟集中在云的动态演化与目前可用的观测相结合,有利于两种情况:一个致密的云,开始于1995年左右,一个扩展的球形壳的气体,与远心距离内的磁盘(S)的年轻恒星。前者能够解释2008年5月和2011年5月的位置速度图中G2的检测信号。后者既可以解释G2的信号,也可以解释在距离黑洞较大的距离和较小的速度下看到的较暗的延伸尾状结构G2 t。从这些第一次理想化的模拟中,我们预计Sgr A* 的电流活动在最接近的方法后不久就会上升,并且在很长一段时间内会通过一个类似斗争的结构不断馈电。在不久的将来,云的演化将是对银河系中心大质量黑洞毫秒差距环境中气体分布状况的敏感探测,也将为我们提供黑洞的喂养和中心源的激活的宝贵信息。

英文摘要:

We investigate the origin and fate of the recently discovered gas cloud G2 close to the Galactic Center. Our hydrodynamical simulations focussing on the dynamical evolution of the cloud in combination with currently available observations favour two scenarios: a Compact Cloud which started around the year 1995 and an extended Spherical Shell of gas, with an apocenter distance within the disk(s) of young stars. The former is able to explain the detected signal of G2 in the position-velocity-diagram of the year 2008.5 and 2011.5 data. The latter can account for both, G2's signal as well as the fainter extended tail-like structure G2t seen at larger distances to the black hole and smaller velocities. From these first idealised simulations we expect a rise of the current activity of Sgr A* shortly after the closest approach and a constant feeding through a nozzle-like structure over a long period. The near future evolution of the cloud will be a sensitive probe of the conditions of the gas distribution in the milli-parsec environment of the massive black hole in the Galactic Center and will also give us invaluable information of the feeding of black holes and the activation of the central source.

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