The wireless network places vital role in the present day communication scenario. The ad hoc nature of wireless communication adds flavour to suit various real world applications. This improves the performance of the network tremendously while the clustering mechanism gets added to the ad hoc network. It has been found out that the existing WCA lacks in forming efficient clusters. Thus, this work proposes an Extended weighted partitioning around cluster head mechanism by considering W-PAC as a base to form clusters. The cluster members are configured with IPv6 address. This IPv6 clusters formed through W-PAC will be taken further for validation to determine the perfectness of clusters. The cluster formation and maintenance have been implemented in C++ as a programming language. The cluster validation has been carried out using OMNET++ simulator.
The mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network based on a group of mobile nodes without any centralised infrastructure. In civilian data communication, all nodes cannot be homogeneous-type and not do a specific data communication. Therefore, node co-operation and cheat-proof are essential characteristics for successfully running MANETs in civilian data communication. Denial of service and malicious behaviour of the node are the main concerns in securing successful communication in MANETs. This scheme proposed a generic solution to preventing malicious behaviour of the node by the clus…
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ad hoc network has achieved significant growth for its flexibility, extensibility, and high deployability in recent years. The application of clustering scheme for UAV ad hoc network is imperative to enhance the performance of throughput and energy efficiency. In conventional clustering scheme, a single cluster head (CH) is always assigned in each cluster. However, this method has some weaknesses such as overload and premature death of CH when the number of UAVs increased. In order to solve this problem, we propose a dual-cluster-head based medium access control (…
This paper presents an effective algorithm for selecting cluster heads in mobile ad hoc networks using ant colony optimization. A cluster in an ad hoc network consists of a cluster head and cluster members which are at one hop away from the cluster head. The cluster head allocates the resources to its cluster members. Clustering in MANET is done to reduce the communication overhead and thereby increase the network performance. A MANET can have many clusters in it. This paper presents an algorithm which is a combination of the four main clustering schemes- the ID based clustering, connectivity …
In this paper we focus on Internet-based simulation, a form of distributed simulation in which a set of execution units that are physically located around the globe work together to run a simulation model. This setup is very challenging because of the latency/variability of communications. Thus, clever mechanisms must be adopted in the distributed simulation, such as the adaptive partitioning of the simulated model and load balancing strategies among execution units. We simulate a wireless model over a real Internet-based distributed simulation setup, and evaluate the scalability of the simula…
In energy constrained wireless sensor networks, it is significant to make full use of the limited energy and maximize the network lifetime even when facing some unexpected situation. In this paper, all sensor nodes are grouped into clusters, and for each cluster, it has a mobile cluster head to manage the whole cluster. We consider an emergent situation that one of the mobile cluster heads is broken down, and hence the whole cluster is consequently out of work. An efficient approach is proposed for recovering the failure cluster by selecting multiple static sensor nodes as the cluster heads to…
Vehicular communication is an essential part of a smart city. Scalability is a major issue for vehicular communication, specially, when the number of vehicles increases at any given point. Vehicles also suffer some other problems such as broadcast problem. Clustering can solve the issues of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET); however, due to the high mobility of the vehicles, clustering in VANET suffers stability issue. Previously proposed clustering algorithms for VANET are optimized for either straight road or for intersection. Moreover, the absence of the intelligent use of a combination of t…
The mobile ad-hoc network consists of energy constraint devices called nodes communicating through radio signals forming a temporary network i.e. nodes are continuously switching from one network to another. To minimize the power consumption, we form the clusters with an elected cluster head (Service Provider) based on any cluster head selection strategy.To establish a trusted link amongst newly entered node and CH we have adopted an indirect trust computation technique based on recommendations, which form an important component in trust-based access control models for pervasive environment.In…
This work aims at optimizing injection networks, which consist in adding a set of long-range links (called bypass links) in mobile multi-hop ad hoc networks so as to improve connectivity and overcome network partitioning. To this end, we rely on small-world network properties, that comprise a high clustering coefficient and a low characteristic path length. We investigate the use of two genetic algorithms (generational and steady-state) to optimize three instances of this topology control problem and present results that show initial evidence of their capacity to solve it.
Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is the next generation of wireless communication. This type of network requires efficent spectrum allocation methods. This paper presents a new meta-heuristic evolutionary method for solving the channel allocation problem in an ad hoc network context. The suggested method is based on a graph-theoretic model and seeks a solution for the spectrum allocation problem in a clustered ad hoc network topology.The method is referred to as imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA)and provides a scheme for allocating the available channels to cluster heads maximizing spectru…
Intrusion detection in wireless ad hoc networks is a challenging task because these networks change their topologies dynamically, lack concentration points where aggregated traffic can be analyzed, utilize infrastructure protocols that are susceptible to manipulation, and rely on noisy, intermittent wireless communications. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on co-operative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. In this paper, we present a cooperati…
Learning Ad Hoc Network Dynamics via Graph-Structured World Models
Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkiye（中东部技术大学计算机工程系）；Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkiye（中东部技术大学信息学院）
Connecting the wired and wireless networks particularly the Mobile ad hoc Network is interesting in real world situations due to its usefulness and practicality. Different mechanisms have been proposed to integrate MANETs and the Internet. These strategies differ in gateway discovery mechanism, cell switching criteria, ad hoc routing protocol.In this paper, Mobile-IP is integrated with Hierarchical Cluster-Head Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR) Protocol to provide Internet access to the mobile node of the ad hoc Network. This paper discusses a mechanism for selecting an alternate route in case if …
Separation of user (data) plane from the control plane in networks helps scale resources independently, increase the quality of service and facilitate autonomy by employing software-defined networking techniques. Clustering introduces hierarchy in ad hoc networks where control functions can be carried out by some designated cluster heads. It is also an effective solution to handle challenges due to lack of centralized controllers and infrastructure in ad-hoc networks. Clustered network topologies gain a significant amount of scalability and reliability in comparison to flat topologies. Differe…
In multi-hop mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs),mobile nodes cooperate with each other without using any infrastructure such as access points or base stations. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Among the various attacks to which MANETs are vulnerable, malicious packet dropping attack is very common where a malicious node can partially degrade or completely disrupt communication in the network by…
Fixed infrastructured networks naturally support centralized approaches for group management and information provisioning. Contrary to infrastructured networks, in multi-hop ad-hoc networks each node acts as a router as well as sender and receiver. Some applications, however, requires hierarchical arrangements that-for practical reasons-has to be done locally and self-organized. An additional challenge is to deal with mobility that causes permanent network partitioning and re-organizations. Technically, these problems can be tackled by providing additional uplinks to a backbone network, which …
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a set of self organized wireless mobile nodes that works without any predefined infrastructure. For routing data in MANETs, the routing protocols relay on mobile wireless nodes. In general, any routing protocol performance suffers i) with resource constraints and ii) due to the mobility of the nodes. Due to existing routing challenges in MANETs clustering based protocols suffers frequently with cluster head failure problem, which degrades the cluster stability. This paper proposes, Enhanced CBRP, a schema to improve the cluster stability and in-turn improves…
Effective inter-vehicle communication is fundamental to a decentralized traffic information system based on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). To reflect the uncertainty of the information propagation, most of the existing work was conducted by assuming the inter-vehicle distance follows some specific probability models, e.g., the lognormal or exponential distribution, while reducing the analysis complexity. Aimed at providing more generic results, a recursive modeling framework is proposed for VANETs in this paper when the vehicle spacing can be captured by a general i.i.d. distribution. Wit…
Mobile multi-hop ad hoc networks allow establishing local groups of communicating devices in a self-organizing way. However, in a global setting such networks fail to work properly due to network partitioning. Providing that devices are capable of communicating both locally-e.g. using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth-and additionally also with arbitrary remote devices-e.g. using GSM/UMTS links-the objective is to find efficient ways of inter-linking multiple network partitions. Tackling this problem of topology control, we focus on the class of small-world networks that obey two distinguishing characteristi…
Network configuration verification enables operators to ensure that the network will behave as intended, prior to deployment of their configurations. Although techniques ranging from graph algorithms to SMT solvers have been proposed, scalable configuration verification with sufficient protocol support continues to be a challenge. In this paper, we show that by combining equivalence partitioning with explicit-state model checking, network configuration verification can be scaled significantly better than the state of the art, while still supporting a rich set of protocol features. We propose P…
In this paper we present matrix game-theoretic models for joint routing, network coding, and scheduling problem. First routing and network coding are modeled by using a new approach based on compressed topology matrix that takes into account the inherent multicast gain of the network. The scheduling is optimized by a new approach called network graph soft coloring. Soft graph coloring is designed by switching between different components of a wireless network graph, which we refer to as graph fractals, with appropriate usage rates. The network components, represented by graph fractals, are a n…
In situations where establishing a network infrastructure is impossible, Ad-hoc networks are considered particularly important. Most of the previous research in Ad-hoc networks concentrated on the development and enhancement of dynamic routing protocols, which could efficiently discover routes between two communicating nodes. Although routing strategies is an important topic in MANETs, other topics such as data access are also crucial since the final goal of using Ad-hoc networks is to provide data access to mobile nodes. One of the most attractive techniques used to improve the data access pe…
The main goal of routing protocol is to efficiency delivers data from source to destination. All routing protocols are the same in this goal, but the way they adopt to achieve it is different, so routing strategy has an egregious role on the performance of an ad hoc network. Most of routing protocols proposed for ad hoc networks have a flat structure. These protocols expand the control overhead packets to discover or maintain a route. On the other hand a number of hierarchical-based routing protocols have been developed, mostly are based on layered design. These protocols improve network perfo…
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a distributed, infrastructure-less and decentralized network. A routing protocol in MANET is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication within the network. Numerous routing protocols have been proposed for MANET. Those routing protocols are designed to adaptively accommodate for dynamic unpredictable changes in network's topology. The mobile nodes in MANET are often powered by limited batteries and network lifetime relies heavily on the energy consumption of nodes. In consequence, the lack of a mobile node can lead to network partition…
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are being studied intensively and gaining importance as spectrum is the heavily underutilized. CRN has the capability to exploit smartly the unutilized frequency spectrum. Recently, the research community started to work in the area of cognitive radio routing. In a flat topology, all nodes are of the same level and functionality, thus making it simple and efficient for smaller networks. However, when the network is large with sparse nodes, the routing information becomes more complex making cluster-based techniques really relevant to tackle such situations. In a…
RAdNet-VE: An Interest-Centric Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Vehicular Environments
Laboratório de Arquitetura de Computadores e Microeletrônica PESC/COPPE/UFRJ（PESC/COPPE/UFRJ 计算机架构与微电子实验室）；Laboratório de Computação Paralela e Sistemas Móveis PESC/COPPE/UFRJ（PESC/COPPE/UFRJ 并行计算与移动系统实验室）；Núcleo de Sistemas Complexos – IFF-BJI/IFF（IFF-BJI/IFF 复杂系统中心）
