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赫歇尔室女星系团巡天- XIII。早型星系中的尘埃

The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XIII. Dust in early-type galaxies

Sperello di Serego Alighieri, Simone Bianchi, Cirino Pappalardo, Stefano Zibetti, Robbie Auld, Maarten Baes, George Bendo, Edvige Corbelli, Jonathan Davies, Tim… 展开作者

Sperello di Serego Alighieri, Simone Bianchi, Cirino Pappalardo, Stefano Zibetti, Robbie Auld, Maarten Baes, George Bendo, Edvige Corbelli, Jonathan Davies, Timothy Davis, Ilse De Looze, Jacopo Fritz, Giuseppe Gavazzi, Carlo Giovanardi, Marco Grossi, Leslie Hunt, Laura Magrini, Daniele Pierini, Manolis Xilouris

摘要:

目标。我们研究了室女星系团中910个早型星系(ETG)的大光学输入样本的尘埃含量,也延伸到矮ETG,并检查与其他冷ISM组件的结果。方法.我们使用赫歇尔室女星系团巡天(HeViCS)的250微米图像搜索输入样本的所有星系中的远红外发射。这张照片覆盖了星团的很大一部分。对于检测到的ETG,我们测量了从100到500微米的5个波段的通量,并估计了尘埃质量和温度与修改后的黑体拟合。结果在46个ETG中,在250微米处检测到粉尘超过25.4 mJy的完整性极限,其中43个在输入样品的光学完整部分中。此外,在另外6个ETG中,灰尘的含量较低。我们用同步辐射探测了4个ETG中的尘埃,包括M87.尘埃似乎比恒星更集中,更明亮的ETG有更高的尘埃温度。尘埃探测率下降到25.4 mJy的限制是17%的椭圆,约40%的望远镜(S 0 + S 0a)和3%左右的矮ETG。尘埃质量与恒星质量没有明显的相关性,并且通常比封闭箱模型中被动星系的预期大得多。尘埃与恒星的质量比与星系的光度有关,有些矮ETG的值与尘埃晚型星系一样高。在室女星系团中,慢自转星系团比快自转星系团更可能包含尘埃。将沙尘结果与来自ALCOFA的HI结果进行比较,在HeViCS区域中,仅在沙尘和HI中检测到8个ETG; 39个有沙尘但只有HI上限,8个有HI但只有沙尘上限。这些星系在星系团中的位置是不同的,尘埃ETG集中在密集区,而HI丰富的ETG在外围。

英文摘要:

Aims. We study the dust content of a large optical input sample of 910 early-type galaxies (ETG) in the Virgo cluster, extending also to the dwarf ETG, and examine the results in relation with those on the other cold ISM components. Methods. We searched for far-infrared emission in all galaxies of the input sample using the 250 micron image of the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey (HeViCS). This image covers a large fraction of the cluster. For the detected ETG we measured fluxes in 5 bands from 100 to 500 micron, and estimated the dust mass and temperature with modified black-body fits. Results. Dust is detected above the completeness limit of 25.4 mJy at 250 micron in 46 ETG, 43 of which are in the optically complete part of the input sample. In addition dust is present at fainter levels in another 6 ETG. We detect dust in the 4 ETG with synchrotron emission, including M 87. Dust appears to be much more concentrated than stars and more luminous ETG have higher dust temperatures. Dust detection rates down to the 25.4 mJy limit are 17% for ellipticals, about 40% for lenticulars (S0 + S0a) and around 3% for dwarf ETG. Dust mass does not correlate clearly with stellar mass and is often much more than that expected for a passive galaxy in a closed-box model. The dust-to-stars mass ratio anticorrelates with galaxy luminosity, and for some dwarf ETG reaches values as high as for dusty late-type galaxies. In the Virgo cluster slow rotators appear more likely to contain dust than fast ones. Comparing the dust results with those on HI from ALFALFA, there are only 8 ETG detected both in dust and in HI in the HeViCS area; 39 have dust but only an upper limit on HI, and 8 have HI but only an upper limit on dust. The locations of these galaxies in the cluster are different, with the dusty ETG concentrated in the densest regions, while the HI rich ETG are at the periphery.

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