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arXiv 1111.4241astro-ph.CO
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Atlas3D项目- XIII。早型星系中HI的质量和形态作为环境的函数

The Atlas3D project -- XIII. Mass and morphology of HI in early-type galaxies as a function of environment

Paolo Serra, Tom Oosterloo, Raffaella Morganti, Katherine Alatalo, Leo Blitz, Maxime Bois, Frederic Bournaud, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Alison F. Crock… 展开作者

Paolo Serra, Tom Oosterloo, Raffaella Morganti, Katherine Alatalo, Leo Blitz, Maxime Bois, Frederic Bournaud, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Alison F. Crocker, Roger L. Davies, Timothy A. Davis, P. T. de Zeeuw, Pierre-Alain Duc, Eric Emsellem, Sadegh Khochfar, Davor Krajnovic, Harald Kuntschner, Pierre-Yves Lablanche, Richard M. McDermid, Thorsten Naab, Marc Sarzi, Nicholas Scott, Scott C. Trager, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Lisa M. Young

摘要:

本文介绍了166个M(HI)~10^7 M_sun附近早型星系(ETG)的3D HI巡天。我们在室女星系团外约40%的ETG中检测到HI,在室女星系团内约10%的ETG中检测到HI。HI形态从规则的盘/环(大多数检测)变化到不稳定的气体分布。前者是局限在恒星内部的小圆盘(M(HI)<10^8 M_sun),与恒星具有相同的运动学特征,或者是从主星系延伸到数十kpc的大圆盘/环(M(HI)高达5x10^9 M_sun),并且经常与恒星运动学解耦。中性氢为ETG中的恒星形成提供了物质。具有中央HI的星系在约70%的情况下表现出恒星形成的特征,比没有中央HI的星系多5倍。中心ISM由分子气体主导。在气体盘较小的ETG中,HI转化为H_2的效率与螺旋管中一样高。ETG HI质量函数的M* 约为2x10^9 M_sun,斜率为-0.7。ETG作为一个家族比螺旋少得多的HI。然而,其中很大一部分像螺旋一样富含HI。ETG和螺旋星系的主要区别在于前者缺乏后者明亮星盘所特有的高柱密度HI。我们发现了一个随环境密度增加而减小的M(HI)包络。气体最丰富的ETG生活在最贫穷的环境中(那里的恒星形成更常见),室女座中心的星系具有最低的HI含量,星系团的外围是过渡区。我们发现一个HI形态密度关系。在低环境密度下,HI主要分布在大的盘/环上。更多的干扰HI形态占主导地位的环境密度典型的丰富的群体,确认过程发生在星系群规模的ETG的演变的重要性。

英文摘要:

We present the Atlas3D HI survey of 166 nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs) down to M(HI)~10^7 M_sun. We detect HI in ~40% of all ETGs outside the Virgo cluster and in ~10% of all ETGs inside it. This demonstrates that it is common for non-cluster ETGs to host HI. The HI morphology varies from regular discs/rings (the majority of the detections) to unsettled gas distributions. The former are either small discs (M(HI)<10^8 M_sun) confined within the stellar body and sharing the same kinematics of the stars, or large discs/rings (M(HI) up to 5x10^9 M_sun) extending to tens of kpc from the host galaxy and frequently kinematically decoupled from the stars. Neutral hydrogen provides material for star formation in ETGs. Galaxies with central HI exhibit signatures of star formation in ~70% of the cases, ~5 times more frequently than galaxies without central HI. The central ISM is dominated by molecular gas. In ETGs with a small gas disc the conversion of HI into H_2 is as efficient as in spirals. The ETG HI mass function has M*~2x10^9 M_sun and slope=-0.7. ETGs host much less HI than spirals as a family. However, a significant fraction of them is as HI-rich as spirals. The main difference between ETGs and spirals is that the former lack the high-column-density HI typical of the bright stellar disc of the latter. We find an envelope of decreasing M(HI) with increasing environment density. The gas-richest ETGs live in the poorest environments (where star-formation is more common), galaxies in the centre of Virgo have the lowest HI content, and the cluster outskirts are a transition region. We find an HI morphology-density relation. At low environment density HI is mostly distributed on large discs/rings. More disturbed HI morphologies dominate environment densities typical of rich groups, confirming the importance of processes occurring on a galaxy-group scale for the evolution of ETGs.

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