The Atlas3D project -- XIII. Mass and morphology of HI in early-type galaxies as a function of environment
Paolo Serra, Tom Oosterloo, Raffaella Morganti, Katherine Alatalo, Leo Blitz, Maxime Bois, Frederic Bournaud, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Alison F. Crock… 展开作者
Paolo Serra, Tom Oosterloo, Raffaella Morganti, Katherine Alatalo, Leo Blitz, Maxime Bois, Frederic Bournaud, Martin Bureau, Michele Cappellari, Alison F. Crocker, Roger L. Davies, Timothy A. Davis, P. T. de Zeeuw, Pierre-Alain Duc, Eric Emsellem, Sadegh Khochfar, Davor Krajnovic, Harald Kuntschner, Pierre-Yves Lablanche, Richard M. McDermid, Thorsten Naab, Marc Sarzi, Nicholas Scott, Scott C. Trager, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Lisa M. Young
We present the Atlas3D HI survey of 166 nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs) down to M(HI)~10^7 M_sun. We detect HI in ~40% of all ETGs outside the Virgo cluster and in ~10% of all ETGs inside it. This demonstrates that it is common for non-cluster ETGs to host HI. The HI morphology varies from regular discs/rings (the majority of the detections) to unsettled gas distributions. The former are either small discs (M(HI)<10^8 M_sun) confined within the stellar body and sharing the same kinematics of the stars, or large discs/rings (M(HI) up to 5x10^9 M_sun) extending to tens of kpc from the host galaxy and frequently kinematically decoupled from the stars. Neutral hydrogen provides material for star formation in ETGs. Galaxies with central HI exhibit signatures of star formation in ~70% of the cases, ~5 times more frequently than galaxies without central HI. The central ISM is dominated by molecular gas. In ETGs with a small gas disc the conversion of HI into H_2 is as efficient as in spirals. The ETG HI mass function has M*~2x10^9 M_sun and slope=-0.7. ETGs host much less HI than spirals as a family. However, a significant fraction of them is as HI-rich as spirals. The main difference between ETGs and spirals is that the former lack the high-column-density HI typical of the bright stellar disc of the latter. We find an envelope of decreasing M(HI) with increasing environment density. The gas-richest ETGs live in the poorest environments (where star-formation is more common), galaxies in the centre of Virgo have the lowest HI content, and the cluster outskirts are a transition region. We find an HI morphology-density relation. At low environment density HI is mostly distributed on large discs/rings. More disturbed HI morphologies dominate environment densities typical of rich groups, confirming the importance of processes occurring on a galaxy-group scale for the evolution of ETGs.
We present a measurement of the Hubble constant made using geometric distance measurements to megamaser-hosting galaxies. We have applied an improved approach for fitting maser data and obtained better distance estimates for four galaxies previously published by the Megamaser Cosmology Project: UGC 3789, NGC 6264, NGC 6323, and NGC 5765b. Combining these updated distance measurements with those for the maser galaxies CGCG 074-064 and NGC 4258, and assuming a fixed velocity uncertainty of 250 km s$^{-1}$ associated with peculiar motions, we constrain the Hubble constant to be $H_0 = 73.9 \pm 3.…
The mm-Wave Interferometric Survey of Dark Object Masses (WISDOM) is probing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxies across the Hubble sequence via molecular gas dynamics. We present the first WISDOM study of a luminous infrared galaxy with an active galactic nuclei (AGN): Fairall 49. We use new ALMA observations of the CO(2-1) line with a spatial resolution of about 80 pc together with ancillary HST imaging. We reach the following results: (1) The CO kinematics are well described by a regularly rotating gas disk with a radial inflow motion, suggesting weak feedback on the cold gas from b…
The knowledge of the dynamical state of galaxy clusters allows to alleviate systematics when observational data from these objects are applied in cosmological studies. Evidence of correlation between the state and the morphology of the clusters is well studied. The morphology can be inferred by images of the surface brightness in the X-ray band and of the thermal component of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect in the millimetre range. For this purpose, we apply, for the first time, the Zernike polynomial decomposition, a common analytic approach mostly used in adaptive optics to recover aberr…
We study the connection between morphology and dynamical state of the simulated galaxy clusters in $z\in[0,1.031]$ from THE THREE HUNDRED Project. We quantify cluster dynamical state using a combination of dynamical indicators from theoretical measures and compare this combined parameter, $χ$, with the results from morphological classifications. The dynamical state of the cluster sample shows a continuous distribution from dynamically relaxed, more abundant at lower redshift, to hybrid and disturbed. The dynamical state presents a clear dependence on the radius, with internal regions more rela…
The Relation between Morphology and Dynamics of Poor Groups of Galaxies
我们使用两个最近编制的星系群星表(一个基于2 MASS红移巡天,另一个基于SDSS Data Release 5星系表)研究了星系群的投影形态(b/a)和速度色散(sigma_v)之间的关系。我们发现星系群的sigma_v与星系群投影b/a和星系群的大小密切相关,拉长的和较大的星系群具有较低的sigma_v。这种相关性可以归因于星系群的动力学演化,在星系群形成的初始阶段,星系群具有小的sigma_v,大的尺寸和拉长的形状,反映了星系沿星系结构的各向异性吸积。然而,如果净星系运动优先沿着星系群的伸长方向,那么同样的相关性也可以在长轴星系群中重现,因为靠近视线的星系群看起来更像球形,投影尺寸小,sigma_v大,而靠近天平面的星系群在投影中看起来更大,更伸长,并且将具有较小的sigma_v。我们执行仅与组的动态演化相关的测试(例如,计算星系群中早型星系所占的比例),并且我们发现星系群sigma_v(投影主轴)与早型星系所占的比例之间存在很强的正(负)相关。我们的结论是:(a)观测到的组sigma_v对组投影大小和b/a的依赖性,应该主要归因于组的动力学状态和(b)局部宇宙中的组不构成一个动态平衡的对象家族,而是一个宇宙结构家族,目前处于其维里化过程的各个阶段。
The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. XI: Solving the Non-Spherical Morphology and Evolution of Dark Matter Halos with Haskap Pie
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);Lund University(隆德大学);Seoul National University(首尔大学);Osaka University(大阪大学)
In light of recent findings from the kinematic morphology-density relation, we investigate whether the same trends exist in the original morphology density relation, using the same data as Dressler. In addition to Dressler's canonical relations, we find that further refinements are possible when considering the average local projected density of galaxies in a cluster. Firstly, the distribution of ellipticals in a cluster depends on the relative local density of galaxies in that cluster: equivalent rises in the elliptical fraction occur at higher local densities for clusters with higher average…
Quantified HI Morphology IV: The Merger Fraction and Rate in WHISP
螺旋星系氢原子盘的形态是受到引力相互作用(如星系合并)扰动的第一个组成部分。我们使用一个简单的参数化的形态Westerbork HI螺旋项目(WHISP)的HI柱密度图,以选择那些可能正在经历一个显着的相互作用的星系。合并星系占据了由不对称性(A)、20%最亮像素对列密度图二阶矩的相对贡献(M20)和所有像素上二阶矩的分布(GM)定义的参数空间的特定部分。基于它们的HI形态,我们发现13%的WHISP星系处于相互作用(浓度-M20)中,只有7%的星系基于数据立方体中的密切同伴。这种明显的差异可以归因于可见度时间尺度的差异:合并在0.5 Gyr时可以被识别为近对,但在~1 Gyr时可以通过它们被干扰的HI形态来识别。用体积合并率表示,两个估计值非常吻合:配对和形态扰动的HI盘分别为7 x 10^-3和6.8 x 10^-3合并Gyr^-1 Mpc^-3。我们的合并分数的一致性,如斯隆数字巡天更大的调查公布,表明HI形态可以是一个非常可行的方式来确定合并在一个大型HI调查。卷合并率的相对高的值可能是选择或WHISP卷的偏差。计划中的MeerKAT、ASKAP和WSRT/APERTIF射电天文台提供的高分辨率HI数据的预期收益将揭示合并在局部宇宙中的重要性,并随着SKA的出现,揭示整个宇宙时代的重要性。
Imprints of Mass Accretion History on Galaxy Cluster Morphology
Leinweber Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan(密歇根大学莱因韦伯理论物理研究所);Department of Physics, University of Michigan(密歇根大学物理系);INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台);Waterloo Center for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学滑铁卢天体物理中心);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学物理与天文系);School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham(诺丁汉大学物理与天文学院);STAR Institute, Quartier Agora – Allée du six Août, 19C B-4000 Liège(列日阿果拉广场六八月街19C号STAR研究所);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天体物理与空间科学观测站)
Hybrid morphology radio sources are a rare type of radio galaxy that display different Fanaroff-Riley classes on opposite sides of their nuclei. To enhance the statistical analysis of hybrid morphology radio sources, we embarked on a large-scale search of these sources within the international citizen science project, Radio Galaxy Zoo (RGZ). Here, we present 25 new candidate hybrid morphology radio galaxies. Our selected candidates are moderate power radio galaxies (L_median = 4.7x10^{24} W/(Hz sr) at redshifts 0.14<z<1.0. Hosts of nine candidates have spectroscopic observations, of which six …
The Lumina Project: Morphology of Ionized Bubbles and Neutral Islands
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);The University of Texas at Dallas(德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校);Philipps Universität Marburg(马尔堡菲利普斯大学);Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics(马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所);York University(约克大学)
Halo mass, star formation, and morphology in galaxies: A morphology-dependent connection between halo environment and star formation activity
Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria)(坎塔布里亚物理研究所(西班牙科学研究中心-坎塔布里亚大学));University of Southampton(南安普顿大学);National Observatory of Athens(雅典国家天文台)
We present measurements of the morphology of star-forming gas in galaxies from the EAGLE simulations, and its alignment relative to stars and dark matter (DM). Imaging of such gas in the radio continuum enables weak lensing experiments that complement traditional optical approaches. Star-forming gas is typically more flattened than its associated stars and DM, particularly for present-day subhaloes of total mass $\sim$$10^{ 12-12.5} \mathrm{M_{ \odot}}$, which preferentially host star-forming galaxies with rotationally-supported stellar discs. Such systems have oblate, spheroidal star-forming …
We present $Hubble\ Space\ Telescope$ ($HST$) imaging and grism spectroscopy of a strongly lensed LIRG at $z=0.816$, SGAS 143845.1$+$145407, and use the magnification boost of gravitational lensing to study the distribution of star formation throughout this galaxy. Based on the $HST$ imaging data, we create a lens model for this system; we compute the mass distribution and magnification map of the $z=0.237$ foreground lens. We find that the magnification of the lensed galaxy ranges between $2$ and $10$, with a total magnification (measured over all the images of the source) of $μ=11.8^{+4.6}_{…
Zooming in on radio relics -- II. How relic morphology probes density fluctuations at the edge of galaxy clusters
Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)(波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所);Universität Potsdam(波茨坦大学);Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学)
We present an unsupervised machine learning technique that automatically segments and labels galaxies in astronomical imaging surveys using only pixel data. Distinct from previous unsupervised machine learning approaches used in astronomy we use no pre-selection or pre-filtering of target galaxy type to identify galaxies that are similar. We demonstrate the technique on the HST Frontier Fields. By training the algorithm using galaxies from one field (Abell 2744) and applying the result to another (MACS0416.1-2403), we show how the algorithm can cleanly separate early and late type galaxies wit…